Essay --

Growing up in an affluent New Jersey neighborhood, Peter Balakian’s house can tell us a lot about his up bringing. Tenafly, New Jersey seems to be a common topic in Balakian’s memoir ‘Black Dog of Fate.’ Not only must we study the house, but also the relationships that are formed within Balakian’s household. His extended family is made up of physicians, merchants, and well-known literary authors. Arguably the biggest presence in Peter’s life was his Grandmother, along with his Mother and Father. One of Peter’s most vivid memories is of his Grandmother. He starts off his memoir with a lengthy description of her and her apartment, as if she were still alive when he wrote it. He describes her apartment as â€Å"mysterious and exotic after the suburban houses of Teaneck† (6). He seems to view her apartment as old fashioned (â€Å"it was a 1940s kitchen with long white cabinets, a white enamel sink, red-speckled linoleum cracking at the seams, and a coiled buzzing fluorescent light on the ceiling† (7)) and different then the houses he is used to in suburbia. Her apartment seems to be laced with Armenian culture compared to his Americanized home back in Teaneck. A tradition or at least custom that seems important to Peter and his life at home is his love for and following of the Yankees. The Yankees were a type of family bonding for Peter, and he even followed them with his Grandmother. â€Å"My grandmother and I followed the Yankees together, and by the time I was ten it had become an ongoing conversation between us. Box scores, averages, pitching rotations, prenogis for the World Series – because there was almost never a series without the Yankees† (12). The Yankees were a symbol of American pride for Peter, â€Å"they were more than a team... ...e. †¦ On either side of our new development were grand nineteenth-century houses and manors set back behind high hedges. †¦ Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century stone Dutch houses still spotted the town and some quite fabulous nineteenth-century estates surrounded our new street† (50). This description of Balkians’s house, as he remembers it, might tell him that his family is becoming more accustomed to the American culture, yet still keeping with their Armenian roots. The move from Teaneck to Tenafly just shows that his family is living the American Dream by finding a city that fits them best and a house that is custom built to their liking. All of a sudden Peter is living in a community where families are larger and dinner is just a race to get done with. It seems as though the move to Tenafly is an immersion into the American lifestyle, even more than Teaneck.

Britannia Biscuit Research Paper Essay

Britannia -the ‘biscuit’ leader with a history-has withstood the tests of time. Part of the reason for its success has been its ability to resonate with the changes in consumer needs-needs that have varied significantly across its 100+ year epoch. With consumer democracy reaching new levels, the one common thread to emerge in recent times has been the shift in lifestyles and a corresponding awareness of health. People are increasingly becoming conscious of dietary care and its correlation to wellness and matching the new pace to their lives with improved nutritional and dietary habits. This new awareness has seen consumers seeking foods that complement their lifestyles while offering convenience, variety and economy, over and above health and nutrition. Britannia saw the writing on the wall. Its â€Å"Swasth Khao Tan Man Jagao† (Eat Healthy, Think Better) re-position directly addressed this new trend by promising the new generation a healthy and nutritious alternative – that was also delightful and tasty. Thus, the new logo was born, encapsulating the core essence of Britannia – healthy, nutritious, and optimistic and combining it with a delightful product range to offer variety and choice to consumers. INTRODUCTION TO THE INDUSTRY BISCUIT INDUSTRY IN INDIA – AN OVERVIEW âž ¢ Biscuit industry in India in the organized sector produces around 60% of the total production, the balance 40% being contributed by the unorganized bakeries. The industry consists of two large scale manufacturers, around 50 medium scale brands and small scale units ranging up to 2500 units in the country, as at 2000-01. The unorganized sector is estimated to have approximately 30,000 small & tiny bakeries across the country. âž ¢ The annual turnover of the organized sector of the biscuit manufacturers (as at 2001-02) is Rs. 4,350 crores. âž ¢ In terms of volume biscuit production by the organized segment in 2001-02 is estimated at 1.30 million tonnes. The major Brands of biscuits are – Britannia, Parle Bakeman, Priya Gold,Elite,Cremica, Dukes, Anupam, Horlicks, Craze, Nezone, besides various regional/State brands. âž ¢ Biscuit industry which was till then reserved in the SSI Sector, was unreserved in 1997-98, in accordance with the Govt. Policy, based on the recommendations of the Abid Hussain Committee. âž ¢ The annual production of biscuit in the organized sector, continues to be predominantly in the small and medium sale sector before and after de-reservation. The annual production was around 7.4 Lakh tonnes in 1997-98 in the next five years, biscuit production witnessed an annual growth of 10% to 12%, up to 1999-00. âž ¢ The annual Growth showed a decline of 3.5% in 2000-01, mainly due to 100% hike in Central Excise Duty (from 9% to 16%). Production in the year 2001-02 increased very marginally by 2.75% where in 2002-03 the growth is around 3%. âž ¢ The Union Budget for 2003-04 granted 50% reduction in the rate of Excise Duty on Biscuit i.e. from 16% to 8%. The Federation’s estimate for the current year indicates a growth of approximately 8% to 9%. âž ¢ However the average utilization of installed capacity by biscuit manufacturers in the country has been a dismal 60% over the last decade up to 2001-02. âž ¢ Though dereservation resulted in a few MNCs, i.e. Sara Lee, Kellogs SmithKline Beecham, Heinz etc entering the biscuit industry in India, most of them, with the exception of SmithKline Beecham (Horlicks Biscuits), have ceased production in the country. âž ¢ On the other hand, import of biscuits, especially in the high price segment has started from 1998-99, but however, the quantum of imports has not so far increased alarmingly and has remained at around 3.75% of the consumption of biscuits in the country in the year 2001-02. However, recent imports from china industries cheaper verities of biscuit, needs to be examined with cautions, especially in the context of the price as the low margin based domestic industry, which is operating at 60 % of the total installed capital. Exports of biscuits from India have been to the extent of 5.5% of the total production. Exports are expected to grow only in the year 2003-04 and beyond. âž ¢ Biscuit is a hygienically packaged nutritious snack food available at very competitive prices, volumes and different tastes. According to the NCAER Study, biscuit is predominantly consumed by people from the lower strata of society, particularly children in both rural and urban areas with an average monthly income of Rs. 750.00. âž ¢ Biscuit can he broadly categorized into the following segments: (Based on productions of 2000-01) Glucose 44% Marie 13% Cream 10% Crackers 13% Milk 12% Others 8%. âž ¢ . FBMI ( Federation of Biscuit Manufacturer’s of India ) is an association of all the biscuit manufacturers of India. Major players include Britannia, Parle, ITC, Priyagold, Windsor etc. âž ¢ In recognition of industry’s obligations towards the community, being a part of it, biscuit manufacturers supply biscuits to the social welfare agencies in all States for the benefit of school children, senior citizens and other needy sections of the society. FBMI ( Federation of Biscuit Manufacturer’s of India ) Members have always responded positively to our appeal as also by the Government, to rush truck loads of biscuits to the people affected by earthquakes, floods, famine etc. These members have also participated in supplying biscuits to the people of war ravaged Afghanistan and presently to the Iraqi people, under the aegis of the UN. âž ¢ As regards the consumption pattern is concerned. surveys and estimates by industry from time to time indicate the avera ge consumption scenario in the four Zones have been more or less close to each other, as below: 1. Northern States: 28% 2. Southern States: 24% 3. Western States: 25% 4. Eastern States: 23% [pic] âž ¢ Though India is considered as the third largest producer of Biscuits after USA and China, the per capita consumption of biscuits in our country is only 2.1 Kg., compared to more than 10 kg in the USA, UK and West European countries and above 4.25 kg in south cast Asian countries, Le. Singapore, Hong Kong, Thailand, Indonesia etc. China has a per capita consumption of 1.90 kg, while in the case of Japan it is estimated at 7.5 kg. âž ¢ In view of the meager per capita consumption even as penetration of biscuits manufactured by the organised sector, into rural areas in India, has been very good during the last 10 years, as also in the metro and other cities, small towns etc. However, in spite of this, the industry has not been able to utilize about half of their installed capacities. âž ¢ Biscuit is a comparatively low margin food product in the PMCG (Packaged Mass Consumption Goods) sector. The commodity is also price sensitive, as a consequence of which, even when the Excise Duty was doubled on biscuits in 2000-01 biscuit manufacturers, including the major brands, were not able hike MRPs to the extend of the steep increase in the Duty. Taxation, both Central Excise Duty as also State Sales Tax, other miscellaneous levies i.e. turnover tax, local area tax, mandi taxes, purchase tax, Octroi etc., has been a major deterrent in the growth of the biscuit industry. The CII Study Report has identified Biscuit as one of the products that should treated as â€Å"Merit Good for the purpose of liberal tax policy both by the Centre and States. âž ¢ Besides lack of technology upgradation in manufacturing, packaging etc has also been a factor affecting our industry, along with inadequate financial credit and support particularly for the medium and small scale biscuit un its. âž ¢ On the other hand, the Government of India has identified food processing industries as a priority area to be encouraged for growth and development and created the Ministry of Food Processing Industries (which was till then a Dept in the Ministry of Agriculture), headed by an Ministry of State with Independent charge. âž ¢ Biscuit manufacturing as well as other bakery products like Bread etc are agro based industries, with the major inputs – wheat flour/atta sugar, milk vanaspati/vegetable oil etc all being agriculture produces. âž ¢ Industries such as Biscuit are also languishing as they are not able to achieve their potentials for higher production, in the absence of the concrete food Processing Industry Policy. FBMI in close coordination with other organizations and apex Chambers, initiated to urge the Govt of India to formulate a comprehensive Policy Document, for smooth growth and harmonious development of the industry. The Food Processing Industry Policy, which has been evolved as a result of various workshops, deliberations and representations by a large cross section of food processing industries, is yet to be finalized. It is hoped that the Ministry of Food Processing Industries, GOI would initiate action for implementation of the Policy expeditiously. âž ¢ According to the production figures of members available upto the calendar year 2003, the total production was 625000 tonnes as against 475000 tonnes in the previous year. The production of biscuit for the last 11 years is as under: âž ¢ 1993 – 167750 1994 – 180526 1995 – 202567 1996 – 222371 1997 – 362000 1998 – 400000 1999 – 425000 2000 – 450000 2001 – 465000 2002 – 475000 2003 – 625000 Note: the production of members of FBMI consist of 50% (approx.) of the total production of biscuit in the organized sector. INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY HISTORY The story of one of India’s favourite brands reads almost like a fairy tale. Once upon a time, in 1892 to be precise, a biscuit company was started in a nondescript house in Calcutta (now Kolkata) with an initial investment of Rs. 295. The company we all know as Britannia today. The beginnings might have been humble-the dreams were anything but. By 1910, with the advent of electricity, Britannia mechanized its operations, and in 1921, it became the first company east of the Suez Canal to use imported gas ovens. Britannia’s business was flourishing. But, more importantly, Britannia was acquiring a reputation for quality and value. As a result, during the tragic World War II, the Government reposed its trust in Britannia by contracting it to supply large quantities of â€Å"service biscuits† to the armed forces. As time moved on, the biscuit market continued to grow†¦ and Britannia grew along with it. In 1975, the Britannia Biscuit Company took over the distribution of biscuits from Parry’s who till now distributed Britannia biscuits in India. In the subsequent public issue of 1978, Indian shareholding crossed 60%, firmly establishing the Indianness of the firm. The following year, Britannia Biscuit Company was re-christened Britannia Industries Limited (BIL). Four years later in 1983, it crossed the Rs. 100 crores revenue mark. On the operations front, the company was making equally dynamic strides. In 1992, it celebrated its Platinum Jubilee. In 1997, the company unveiled its new corporate identity – â€Å"Eat Healthy, Think Better† – and made its first foray into the dairy products market. In 1999, the â€Å"Britannia Khao, World Cup Jao† promotion further fortified the affinity consumers had with ‘Brand Britannia’. Britannia strode into the 21st Century as one of India’s biggest brands and the pre-eminent food brand of the country. It was equally recognised for its innovative approach to products and marketing: the Lagaan Match was voted India’s most successful promotional activity of the year 2001 while the delicious Britannia 50-50 Maska-Chaska became India’s most successful product launch. In 2002, Britannia’s New Business Division formed a joint venture with Fonterra, the world’s second largest Dairy Company, and Britannia New Zealand Foods Pvt. Ltd. was born. In recognition of its vision and accelerating graph, Forbes Global rated Britannia ‘One amongst the Top 200 Small Companies of the World’, and The Economic Times pegged Britannia India’s 2nd Most Trusted Brand. Today, more than a century after those tentative first steps, Britannia’s fairy tale is not only going strong but blazing new standards, and that miniscule initial Investment has grown by leaps and bounds to crores of rupees in wealth for Britannia’s shareholders. The company’s offerings are spread across the spectrum with products ranging from the healthy and economical Tiger biscuits to the more lifestyle-oriented Milkman Cheese. Having succeeded in garnering the trust of almost one-third of India’s one billion populations and a strong management at the helm means Britannia will continue to dream big on its path of innovation and quality. And millions of consumers will savour the results, happily ever after. HISTORY OF BISCUITS Sweet or salty. Soft or crunchy. Simple or exotic. Everybody loves munching on biscuits, but do they know how biscuits began? The history of biscuits can be traced back to a recipe created by the Roman chef Apicius, in which â€Å"a thick paste of fine wheat flour was boiled and spread out on a plate. When it had dried and hardened it was cut up and then fried until crisp, then served with honey and pepper.† The word ‘Biscuit’ is derived from the Latin words ‘Bis’ (meaning ‘twice’) and ‘Coctus’ (meaning cooked or baked). The word ‘Biscotti’ is also the generic term for cookies in Italian. Back then, biscuits were unleavened, hard and thin wafers which, because of their low water content, were ideal food to store. As people started to explore the globe, biscuits became the ideal traveling food since they stayed fresh for long periods. The seafaring age, thus, witnessed the boom of biscuits when these were sealed in airtight containers to last for months at a time. Hard track biscuits (earliest version of the biscotti and present-day crackers) were part of the staple diet of English and American sailors for many centuries. In fact, the countries which led this seafaring charge, such as those in Western Europe, are the ones where biscuits are most popular even today. Biscotti is said to have been a favorite of Christopher Columbus who discovered America! Making good biscuits is quite an art, and history bears testimony to that. During the 17th and 18th Centuries in Europe, baking was a carefully controlled profession, managed through a series of ‘guilds’ or professional associations. To become a baker, one had to complete years of apprenticeship – working through the ranks of apprentice, journeyman, and finally master baker. Not only this, the amount and quality of biscuits baked were also carefully monitored. The English, Scotch and Dutch immigrants originally brought the first cookies to the United States and they were called teacakes. They were often flavoured with nothing more than the finest butter, sometimes with the addition of a few drops of rose water. Cookies in America were also called by such names as â€Å"jumbles†, â€Å"plunkets† and â€Å"cry babies†. As technology improved during the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, the price of sugar and flour dropped. Chemical leavening agents, such as baking soda, became available and a profusion of cookie recipes occurred. This led to the development of manufactured cookies. Interestingly, as time has passed and despite more varieties becoming available, the essential ingredients of biscuits haven’t changed – like ‘soft’ wheat flour (which contains less protein than the flour used to bake bread) sugar, and fats, such as butter and oil. Today, though they are known by different names the world over, people agree on one thing – nothing beats the biscuit! Some interesting facts on the origin of other forms of biscuits: The recipe for oval shaped cookies (that are also known as boudoir biscuits, sponge biscuits, sponge fingers, Naples biscuits and Savoy biscuits) has changed little in 900 years and dates back to the house of Savoy in the 11th century France. Peter the Great of Russia seems to have enjoyed an oval-shaped cookie called â€Å"lady fingers† when visiting Louis XV of France. The macaroon – a small round cookie with crisp crust and a soft interior – seems to have originated in an Italian monastery in 1792 during the French Revolution. SPRING-uhr-lee, have been traditional Christmas cookies in Austria and Bavaria for centuries. They are made from a simple egg, flour and sugar dough and are usually rectangular in shape. These cookies are made with a leavening agent called ammonium carbonate and baking ammonia. The inspiration for fortune cookies dates back to the 12th & 13th Centuries, when Chinese soldiers slipped rice paper messages into moon cakes to help co-ordinate their defense against, Mongolian invaders. .

War I War Never Changes - 993 Words

War, War Never Changes (A discussion on reinstating the draft) â€Å"War is delightful to those that have no experience of it.† A quote by Desiderius Erasmus, a Dutch humanist and social critic, shows tells that war isn’t always as epic and awesome that most Americans make it out to be. Reinstating the draft might sound like a great way to impose our power on the world furthering the American agenda, as well as enforcing the American ideal of extreme pride in nationalism. The problem is however, that most Americans that want the draft reinstated have no clue about the mountain of problems that it would create. America would be in very dire straits if the draft were necessary. The last time America used the draft was during the Vietnam War and that draft did indeed fit those three requirements. The draft should only be used under three crucial prerequisites. If it does not meet these requirements then the draft should not be reinstated. Those three pretenses are: America is in an extreme confl ict, every U.S citizen able would be entered in the draft and it would need to be a lottery type system. The most important rule, without question, is America would need to be in a major conflict. This conflict would have to be on the global scale. It would involve numerous countries, millions of soldiers, possible nuclear war and endless violent death. With a conflict on this scale there would be no doubt that America would need more soldiers than they currently have. The U.S military mayShow MoreRelatedA Separate Peace By John Knowles1529 Words   |  7 PagesWar is a destructive force whose nature is to destroy all things and change lives forever. It is a whirlpool that sucks everything in and is fueled by hatred and violence. Whether one is directly involved in the battlefield or waiting to see the outcome, war has the capacity to affect all people. It can harden one beyond their years and force them to grow, seeing conflicting sides of good and evil. A Separate Peace by John K nowles narrates the story of young boys growing up with World War II as theRead More Erich Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesErich Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I am young, I am twenty years old; yet I know nothing of life but despair, death, fear, and fatuous superficiality cast over an abyss of sorrow. I see how peoples are set against one another, and in silence, unknowingly, foolishly, obediently, innocently slay one another (263).† Powerful changes result from horrifying experiences. Paul Baumer, the protagonists of Erich Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front utters these words signifyingRead MoreDifference Between Violence And Compassion1404 Words   |  6 Pagesthey never forget even after seeing an act of compassion. In this essay You will learn the difference between violence and compassion and how violence has more of an impact on people than compassion. Some acts of compassion wouldn’t exist without violence . Take Clara Barton for example, if the civil war never happened, she never would have become a hero or started the red cross because she never would have become a nurse in the army and seen the physical and mental effects of war on theRead MoreStar Wars : Episode Iv A New Hope1225 Words   |  5 Pages Pop Culture Milli Loos 9/9/16 The first Star wars movie â€Å"STAR WARS: EPISODE IV A NEW HOPE† was a game changer in the world of movies. According to the National Information Services, LLC â€Å"STAR WARS: EPISODE IV A NEW HOPE† made $1,554,475 just in the opening weekend on May, 25,1977 and made a whopping $786,598,007 according to the worldwide box office ticket registry. Box Office History for Star Wars Movies. Star Wars Franchise Box Office History. Nash Information Services, LLC., n.d. WebRead MoreEssay On World War 1 Remembering The War872 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"World War 1: Remembering The War To End All Wars† Blood was the thing that disgusted me the most. Seeing all of those wounded soldiers. Not once did I find my husband. I found this settling and unsettling. I knew that my John was not hurt, but if he were, he was not at the place I was in. This was also unsettling because I never knew if John was missing in action or if he were dead. Well, obviously I would have been notified if he were dead, but perhaps the letter was lost or someone simply forgotRead MoreThe War Of 1812 And The Boer War1522 Words   |  7 Pagesmade clear by the fighting either within nations, or between them. Such examples before WWI include: The French Revolution, the War of 1812, and the Boer War. But WWI would forever change how war was fought, and how life was lived in the world. It ushered in many changes to society. But what if none of this ever happened? What if WWI didn’t exist and the world had never heard of the scores of casualties and millions of dollars in damage? The world would, no doubt, be a much different place. Read MoreMovie Review : Cold Mountain Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesFilm Review: Cold Mountain 1.) In the first assault scene at the beginning of the film, I thought that the north and the south both had strong motives and they were both willing to give it their all in order to preserve and defend their cause. This beginning scene if very heart broken because a lot of men died suddenly from one moment to the next. This makes me reflect on how hard and very divesting the civil war was not just for the women but also for the men who lost their families, wives, homesRead MoreThe Things They Carried by Tim O ´Brien1724 Words   |  7 Pageslike they are a part of the war. He gives an account of the nightmare : â€Å"His entrenching tool like an ax, slashing.† I can imagine an angry lumber jack cutting deep into tree, which in his case represented his emotional feelings for the love he had for Martha. Martha was a young, beautiful girl with whom he was so in love, but Martha only saw Lieutenant Cross as a good friend. When you are trying to understand the emotions of a pe rson is difficult because you are never in their shoes. O’Brien writesRead MoreAll Quiet on the Western Front1172 Words   |  5 PagesH, 4 15 September 2013 AQWF War changes people. There is no escape from it: the changes happen to everybody no matter how hard people try. And Paul Baumer is no different. In All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque, Paul Baumer enlists into the war and is transformed from a young man to a hardened veteran. Throughout the war, Paul Baumer changes in a variety of ways: physically, emotionally, and mentally. 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Names and Nicknames for Residents of States

Its easy to see why someone who lives in New York State is called a New Yorker. And why a resident of California is a Californian. But what do people in Massachusetts call themselves? And where do Huskies and Nutmeggers live? In the first column of the table below, youll find the official names for residents of the 50 states according to The United States Government Printing Office Style Manual. The right-hand column contains alternative names and nicknames. Origins of Some Nicknames Its probably self-explanatory to think of why Colorado folks unofficially call themselves Highlanders or Alabama residents Bamers. But the name Hoosiers, in Indiana, didnt come from the basketball movie but actually a poem by John Finley about the state called The Hoosiers Nest, from 1830, where the term was originally spelled Hoosher. Nebraskans arent Huskers just because of the state university nickname of Cornhuskers for its sports teams but actually for the people who husked corn there by hand before the advent of machinery to automate the task.   Empire Staters, in New York, derive that nickname from the name of the state being the Empire State, a place of great wealth and resources, or an empire. Bay Staters of Massachusetts are proud of their definitive water inlets. Ohios Buckeye name is in reference to trees that once dominated the landscape there. Down Easters arent a serious type of winter storm; the term  was actually a maritime reference to a specific area of Maine coastline, begun in the late 1700s. Ships going from Boston to Maine in warmer months had a strong wind at their back while traveling east, so they were traveling downwind  and east, which became combined into the shortcut  down east. The term also became associated in general with New England, but Mainers are the ones who kept it for their own. Insults You dont actually want to call an Iowan an Iowegian to his or her face, though; its a pejorative term for the people from there (often used on the two-lane highways in Minnesota when drivers cant pass an Iowa car going less than the speed limit, for example). Whether the term Cheesehead is an insult to a Wisconsinite or not, though, depends on whos originating it (and possibly if its being said inside a football stadium). Wisconsin is particularly proud of its dairy industry, so people from there proudly wear the foam cheese wedge hats on their heads to their sports arenas—and quite conspicuously to other ballparks and fields when following their teams—turning a former insult into a badge of honor. Those hats have even saved people from injury a time or two. (Really!) For more information about the origins of more of these names, along with the terms for residents of other countries and of major cities around the world, check out Paul Dicksons entertaining book Labels for Locals: What to Call People from Abilene to Zimbabwe (Collins, 2006). State-Based Nicknames Official Names Nicknames Alternative Names Alabamian Alabaman, Alabamer, Bamer Alaskan Arizonan Arizonian Arkansan Arkansasian, Arkansawyer Californian Californiac Coloradan Coloradoan, Highlander Connecticuter Nutmegger Delawarean Delawearer Floridian Floridan Georgian Hawaiian malihini (newcomer) Idahoan Idahoer Illinoisan Illini, Illinoyer Indianian Hoosier, Indianan, Indianer Iowan Iowegian Kansan Kanser Kentuckian Kentucker, Kentuckeyite Louisianian Louisianan Mainer Down Easter Marylander Marylandian Massachusettsan Bay Stater Michiganite Michiganian, Michigander Minnesotan Mississippian Mississippier, Mississipper Missourian Montanan Nebraskan Husker Nevadan Nevadian New Hampshirite Granite Stater New Jerseyite New Jerseyan New Mexican New Yorker Empire Stater North Carolinian North Dakotan Ohioan Buckeye Oklahoman Okie Oregonian Oregonner Pennsylvanian Rhode Islander Rhodian South Carolinian South Dakotan Tennessean Texan Texian Utahn Utahan Vermonter Virginian Washingtonian Toner West Virginian Wisconsinite Cheesehead Wyomingite

Psychology Methods - 1267 Words

Psychology Methods Cara Stettler University of Great Falls Abstract This paper consists of the similarities and differences between two therapies used in psychology. The approaches are known as the Client-Centered Approach and the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. They are both used daily, world-wide, and can be seen in different ways. In psychology, the use of therapy, approaches, and techniques are used all the time. The client-centered model is all about the clients themselves and the cognitive behavioral therapy relies on direct counseling tools to control and guide the client. Cognitive behavioral therapy is more short-term treatment is structured and is going towards a goal whereas the client-centered model aims towards asking†¦show more content†¦It analyzes how and why the client thinks a certain way, and aims at changing these patterns to form positive, nurturing, and emotional states that can replace the current state of disharmony that the client is facing. Behavioral therapy is, in a way, the next stage. It focuses on actions rather than thoughts and equips the therapist with effective tools to form new behavioral patterns for a client, by stimulating certain positive â€Å"rewards† (emotional, such as praise and encouragement), for the positive changes in behavior that the client demonstrates when encountering a certain problem. When comparing the two methods, it may seem that the role of the therapist is a lot less important in the client-centered model than in the cognitive behavioral therapy. However, this impression is far from being true. In fact, the client-centered approach is very much about how the therapist encourages the client to open up, by showing congruence. As stated by Rogers, the creator of the client-centered model, â€Å"By this we mean that the feelings that the therapist is experiencing are available to him, available to his awareness and he is able to live these feelings, be them, and able to communicate them if appropriate.† (Dr. C. George Boeree, n.d., n.p.) The therapis t is to be as honest and natural as possible while showing sincere empathy and nurturing the client’s inner capacity towards healing. Being appreciative of the honesty and hard work that the client isShow MoreRelatedThe Scientific Method Of Psychology1394 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 1 – Intro and Research Methods 1. Empiricism states that knowledge can only be derived from the senses. Every science utilizes the empirical approach, which has developed into the utilization of the scientific method to gain knowledge. (McLeod, 2008) Since psychology depends on the scientific method to attain knowledge, psychology can conclusively be considered a science. Besides empirical evidence, some other key traits of a science are the following: objectivity, control, predictability,Read Moremethod of studying psychology3220 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿After going trough this unit you will be able to Know about the necessity of adopting different methods used to learn about the individual’s behaviour. Classify the methods into different types. Describe each method with its merits and limitations. INTRODUCTION Educational psychology is an important branch of psychology. It is a subject which emphasizes the application of psychological principles in the field of education. It deals with the behaviour of an individual in the educationalRead MoreTeaching Methods For General Psychology918 Words   |  4 PagesI believe I have fairly effective study methods for general psychology, but there are things I could change. The main form of studying that I do for this class is note taking, which is very helpful for me. 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On Being Rational And Knowing What Is Evil Essay Sample free essay sample

Researching the spots and pieces of morality entails a immense subject to chew over on such as reason and unreason every bit good as the good and the immorality. It is imperative to size up what makes a disturbance in comparing the essentialness of the position of Bernard Gert and Robert Paul Wolff together with other penetrations from similar country of concern. Indeed. covering with this prodigious issue needs a more attentive apprehension and a much deeper ideas to be able to hold a clasp towards the capable affair. Taking into history reason. as we by and large perceived it as such a portion of a human character and that of which gives a individual the ultimate cognition of leaping into things that he decides making. â€Å"Man is rational agent† ( Wolff ) . truly it is on a positive note that a individual is entitled for his ain logical thinking and that he is the one per Se who could represent his individualism holding his ain principle. In connexion with this. â€Å"sense of rational that applies to the actions. beliefs. and determinations of moral agents† ( Gert. 1988 ) was really an illustration of what moral agents does in order to be rational. These actions. beliefs. and determinations as Gert connotes was that of the penchants of the human being itself. The powers of concluding indulge with a great duty that one should be disposed to. As Wolff expound that â€Å"he is capable of traveling himself to move by the construct of a rational connexion between some act that he can execute and some tend that he has adopted as his own† . this epitomizes the act of being rationale. A individual was said to ground because his environment helps him to make such. In a more practical sense. what the kingdom is supplying its people tends for a individual to react consequently. What was Wolff elaborates was the capablenesss of an person as he reacts to what his grounds entails him to indue with. Furthermore. it could perchance by agencies of following his ain grounds by itself as he portrays his act in conformity to his concluding domination. As respects to the perceptual experience of Gert. he uttered that â€Å"Everyone ever ought to move rationally† . by all agencies. one should be concluding out merely as what they are expected to. There are a batch of outlooks in this clip and age and we can neer deny the fact that bulk of the general public expression frontward to something meaningful and acceptable and therefore everyone is expected to move rationally. â€Å"It is non true if it is taken as significance that if an act is rational. it should be done. This is because rational actions include non merely rationally needed actions but besides those that are simply rationally allowed. that is neither rationally prohibited nor rationally required† ( Gert. 1988 ) . in stead of this fact. it has been said that acts that are classified as rational could non ever be what is required but what is allowed as good. There is at manus standards as to how to move rationally ; several things wherein the society entails tremendous certificates to be able to run into the standards and be rationally inclined. It has been said that â€Å"An adequate ground for moving is a rational belief that can do rational the otherwise personally irrational action for which it is a ground. An equal nonsubjective ground for moving is a fact that can do rational the otherwise objectively irrational action for which it is a reason’ ( Gert. 1988 ) . this is a good stance as to how being rational could transform another individual or even case into a more productive and acceptable happening in one’s life. These consequence is genuinely a positive reaction of holding a clasp to what you perceived is right making and what the society categorized as acceptable and in conformity with the regulations that were at manus in a certain rule. As respects to Wolff’s point of position. â€Å"The cardinal rule of reason is consistence. an in conformance with that principle rational agents. insofar as they are rational. take a system of consistent policies and action them in a consistent manner. Rational agents besides choose consistent terminals. although non needfully ends which are integrated or harmonious in some richer sense† . this connotes a certain thing. that is holding a sets of criterions which could be slightly a templet that would be accepted by the bulk of the people. The consistence that was exhaustively imposed was expected to be chased to be able to be rationally capable. The character of a individual manus in manus with being rationally inclined connotes a really reasonable standard of researching fortunes in his life. As Gert believes that an act should be rationally allowed and non merely rationally required. and Wolff’s mentality towards the rule of reason as being consistent and that would be in demand of unswerving policies it gives the feeling that at some point of understanding the phenomenon of reason. their positions towards this specific things goes manus in manus with one another. It may non hold the exact attitude and credence every bit good as it does non comprises of the same impression of typifying this certain history. but so. they both have the same focal component. and that is to be rational. human being must be believable of following a certain regulation which will do his actions and attitude an acceptable one far from the ideas of derailed position and oppose shot. Undertaking the scenario of placing what is good and what is bad is a really interesting portion of one’s appreciation to morality. Understanding the implicit in rule it covers was perfectly one great proliferation of an individual’s character. Evil is one of the enormous words we do non desire to research or even hear. As we go in deepness of concentrating over what truly is classified as immorality. there were some intensions we have to set into history like that of Gert. â€Å"If I am asked what is evil. my reply is that immorality is evil and that is all I have to state about it. Or if I am asked how is evil to be defined. my reply is that it can non be defined and that is the terminal of the matter† . this is a citation from an anon. writer. Without a uncertainty. it is a small inexplicable to lucubrate what an immorality is and as to some extent. it is difficult to contextualize it in the eyes of this writer. Sometimes in our lives we tend to acknowledge things which we are non capable of depicting it further and most likely. this is the instance in the author’s point of view. We become a bantam fear if we hear or say the word immorality because merely by stating it we presume that it is already evil like that of immorality is evil. In this respect. the anon. writer has a wide appreciation as to the uncertainnesss of what evil it may convey and what it could lend to the character of a certain individual. Sing the point of view of the writer. it confer the consciousness of imprecision for the ground that he could non even specify what an immorality is and to a larger lens. he merely have the penetration of what evil but does non hold on its intense and deep rule. On another note. Gert was able to represent what evil is. Its distinctive features were highly articulated. â€Å"Defining an immorality or injury in this manner provides a list of immoralities. decease. hurting and disablement. loss of freedom and loss of pleasure† ( Gert. 1988 ) . Clearly. hurting is technically evil. Gert perceives that by aching oneself or other people. the act is regarded as immorality and that which is irrational given the fact that it does non imply proper concluding. The functions of ground come across the essentialness of specifying what an immorality is as it contributes to the determination of an person. Given a peculiar ingredient of understanding why some was non able to specify evil. take for case how the writer expound his penetration why he is non capable of specifying what immorality is. â€Å"My point is the â€Å"evil† is sample impression ; that is. merely as you can non by any mode of agencies. explicate to anyone who does non already cognize it what yellow is. so you can non explicate what evil is† . By merely giving this circumstance. it was a clear account how 1 must cognize what precisely a disturbance means in order to spell it out. What the anon. writer is connoting is that there is certain grade that one must cognize deeply to be able to understand the concatenation of that peculiar circumstance. Traveling back to what we mention before. consistence is indispensable in covering with things therefore. a individual became rational with his action by making so. If one is unswerving adequate and knew what he is disposed to. doubtless. the latter portion of the scenario he is in is non tough to decrypt its significance since from the start you are precise already. As to the eyes of Gert. he is precise of what is the of import constituent in order to hold on the existent deductions of immorality as he quote â€Å"The objectiveness of yellow is maintained by the provision – people with normal vision with normal conditions. When all of these people in these conditions call a colour â€Å"yellow† . it is yellow† ( Gert. 1988 ) . Set of criterions is indispensable to be able to hold one great understanding towards a certain thing or case. The focal point of Gert’s paradigm holding used of the colour yellow was merely to ship that if the common people understands a certain thing and the uniformity of its significance is at that place. it is non difficult to explain the indication of such. The point of view of Gert and other philosopher decidedly at discrepancy with each other yet. they seem to hold one runing point and that is to cognize what precisely a individual call for his actions. Of class. it is impossible to make the same positions but what is of import is that a standard is at manus that will do the construct of the writers slightly in the same way.

Privacy and Twitter Essay Example

Privacy and Twitter Essay Executive Summary Twitter Inc. was established in 2006 in California, United States. It provides free services to users, which enables them to send short messages (up to 140 characters long) called â€Å"tweets† to keep their friends and followers up-to-date with what they are doing. It helps users to share information with the rest of the world. Twitter experienced rapid growth worldwide and became one of the most popular social networking and micro-blogging sites in 2010. Although the company gained substantial popularity, its main sources of revenue are still from venture capital and promoted tweets. Twitter’s long-term survival depends on its own ability to generate revenue. The founders of the company want to know how to open up more channels to generate revenue, while respecting users’ privacy concern. After viewing Facebook and Google’s privacy missteps, Twitter and its partners Google and Microsoft are more uncertain as to whether they should develop the data-mining platform to gain extra revenue. If they do, what should they mine and how should they prevent themselves from breaching privacy laws? This report will outline the issues Twitter’s founders are facing and give three options the company can undertake to achieve its goal, followed by a recommendation. This report will also evaluate Canada’s privacy law – PIPEDA and examine how Twitter’s Privacy Policy complies with the PIPEDA. Stakeholders and Preferences Founders of Twitter: Jack (Chairman), Evan (CEO) and Biz (Creative Director) want to their company to grow and succeed in the long run. We will write a custom essay sample on Privacy and Twitter specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Privacy and Twitter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Privacy and Twitter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As well, they want to find a safer way to utilize the database, which contains personal information and personal messages, to generate revenue, and respect their legal and ethical obligation to their users at the same time. Users of Twitter: They use Twitter to share personal information and keep their followers up to date with new events. They want to make sure the company is protecting their privacy and their personal information is not being used in any unethical or illegal way. The two Partners: Google and Microsoft are both very interested in the data-mining project as they see the potential of generating large amount of revenue. They work with Twitter to find a way to effectively use data to generate revenue. Meanwhile, they are both concerned over privacy issues, given the sensitive information they are dealing with. Regulators: Oversee Twitter from a legal perspective. They provide guidelines on how to use personal information in a way that protects Twitter users’ privacy. They make sure Twitter follows the privacy laws and they actively make changes to the law to deal with arising issues. Government: They make sure Twitter practices its business under the laws and make sure that Twitter provides benefit to the society, instead of harm. Other Developers and Marketers: Developers, such as SalesForce. com, develop application for other organizations to take advantage of Twitter’s public tweets as a way of making profit. Marketers want to use Twitter’s information to make money as well. They depend on valuable information they obtain from Twitter to make money and would not want Twitter to take a way this right/ this market. Issues Facing the Founders of Twitter Issue 1: Company’s lack of long term revenue generating plan Twitter’s main source of capital is from venture capital and promotional tweets. In order for Twitter to survive in the long term, they should open up more channels to generate revenue so they are able to grow and provide better service to their 100+ million users. In addition, it will help them stay competitive in the social networking service industry. Company is facing difficulty in coming up with a revenue generation plan to make their business more sustainable and profitable in the long run. Issue 2: How to use the data obtained in a legal and ethical way Twitter has a database with abundant data. The issue that Twitter is facing right now is efficiently utilizing the data and turning it into revenue. After examining the failure due to misuse of users’ personal information by Google and Facebook, Twitter is more concerned about the legal and ethical issue in using user’s sensitive information to generate revenue. Issue 3: Raising concern over privacy by the governments, regulators and users The company needs to be more cautious when dealing with personal information or personal tweets in this nature. Moreover, different countries have their own privacy laws. Twitter needs to follow multiple privacy laws closely to avoid potential lawsuits. This creates additional difficulty for Twitter since they have users from all over the world. Issue 4: Lack of specific company policies to protect information ethics and information privacy if it decides to develop the platform for data-mining The company needs detailed policies to protect information ethics and information privacy when implementing a data mining platform. Lack of consideration in this area will put the company in danger, following severe consequences. Issue 5: Not fully using its own resources Many developers already developed many applications that use Twitter’s public tweets to generate profit. However, Twitter is still holding on to all of the precious data and not utilizing it. Twitter is going to lose its competitive advantage if they don’t take the necessary steps soon. Twitter will have to compete with developers in the future in terms of application development for its’ users. Issue 6: Security breaches, code cracking and hackers They bring a huge threat to Twitter’s online information safety and its reputation. As a result, many users may lose confidence to the company and eventually withdraw. Twitter will not only lose a significant amount of users, but also become less attractive to the investors. The company may face bankruptcy if the situation severs. Management needs to come up with enhanced technologies to fight against the threats from code crackers and hackers. Options for Twitter’s management Twitter’s general goal stated in the case is to â€Å"monetize their business model while concurrently respecting their legal and ethical obligations to their users†. Following are some of the options management can consider to achieve this goal. Option 1: Establish an in-house data mining division. This division will take requests from external marketers and convert related data into information through consolidation and sell the aggregated information to marketers. Twitter will disclose the purpose of collecting this data on their website and give opt-in option to users. Pros: Twitter can sell the requested information to marketers to generate a significant amount of revenue. The information can also be sold to people in other fields, such as anthropologists and sociologists. These people can use the information to better the study of human behaviour, which will benefit the society as mentioned in the case. In other words, the potential market for Twitter is very broad. The information extracted from the data will help Twitter make better corporate decisions, better customer service and perhaps open up more business opportunities for the company in the future. Another big benefit to this option is that it will not breach user’s privacy as the information is consolidated, which means the marketers will not see individual’s private information. The disclosure of the purpose of collecting the data along with the opt-in option will make Twitter further in compliance with the privacy law. Cons: There will be additional risk associated with this option because it is a new venture for the company with no prior experience. The company needs to spend more effort to establish rules and carefully oversee the entire operation to avoid risks. This option requires money. The company needs to spend money in hiring and providing training to division manager, supervisors and employees to carry out the operation. In addition, any work related to data mining will expose the company to some degree of privacy and security issues. Although this option can eliminate a big portion of these concerns, issues can still arise that will hurt the company in the long run if not handled properly. Option 2: Give users the option to opt-in of releasing some private data that are non-identifiable such as age, gender, or general location in exchange for small incentive such as extra tweet characters. Sell those non-identifiable private data in addition to the public data such as public tweets directly to external marketers, while keeping the identifiable private data such as user address or private tweets. Twitter will disclose the purpose of collecting these data on their website. Pros: This option definitely respects user’s concern over privacy issues because it provides users the option to opt-in of releasing their non-identifiable private data to third party. Although the marketers can collect the public data, it’s time consuming to develop a legal third party program that will go over all the pages and all the tweets from different individuals. The option provides marketers the convenience to collect data. Twitter can obtain revenue from this service and reduce the level of concern over privacy and legal issues. Cons: Twitter may face intense competition over this option. One reason is that some tech companies already developed applications for extracting public information to help marketers collect useful public data/ tweets. Some companies even help the marketers to monitor conversation on Twitter and bring important tweets to the attention of the company. If there are already many competitions in the market, Twitter might have to lower the price to compete with them. This will effect their revenue generation. Another concern is if the marketers misuse the data, Twitter will be held responsible. If people don’t trust Twitter and withdraw from the website, Twitter will lose revenue. Therefore, risks still exist to a certain extent. Option 3: Do not do anything with the data. Keep them for internal business development purpose. Find alternative ways to generate revenue such as adding advertisements on user’s homepage Pros: This is the safest option out of the three. This option illustrates that Twitter has good business ethics and has strong sense of protecting users’ privacy. This not only helps Twitter in building up the company’s reputation, but also establishes trust relationship with users. As for the advertisements, it’s the company’s own responsibility to target their customers, but will definitely need to get approval from Twitter. Twitter will give users the option to display advertisement on their page and share the profit with the user as an incentive. This way, Twitter shows their respect to users and it’s a win-win situation for both parties. Cons: Twitter will not be utilizing their data resources to its full potential because they will be only using it for internal business development. Also, this option may not help Twitter in generating sufficient revenue as their income depends on the users’ willingness to display advertisement on their homepage. This is an external factor that is out of management’s control. Recommendation After evaluating all the options, I would recommend option 1- which is to execute a data-mining division, analyse the data and sell out the aggregated information to the marketers. This option gives the company more opportunities to generate revenue because it allows hem to use its data resource to the full potential, also reduce the risk of breaching the privacy laws. The company needs to have a detailed and thorough implementation plan in order to get the best results out of this option. Below are the recommendations for this option. Install employee monitoring system in the new division: The company is liable for their employees’ actions and the risks they take, (especially with the user’s sensitive information t hey are handling) therefore, monitoring is necessary. The company must communicate the purpose behind this division and what actions are being monitored to its’ employees. This will prevent