19 Colleges With the Lowest Acceptance Rates

19 Colleges With the Lowest Acceptance Rates SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Acknowledgment rates are a significant factor to consider when choosing where to apply to school. A school’s acknowledgment rate is regularly viewed as an estimation of its quality. While this is precise by and large, a few schools have low acknowledgment rates for reasons random to the scholastic greatness of conceded understudies. In this article, I’ll mention to you what the most minimal school acknowledgment rate is, clarify why a few universities have such low acknowledgment rates, and rundown the schools with the least acknowledgment rates. For what reason Do Some Colleges Have Such Low Acceptance Rates? A school can have a low acknowledgment rate for an assortment of reasons. The most widely recognized explanation behind a low acknowledgment rate is a mix of high scholastic principles and prevalence among imminent understudies. This occurs at Ivy League schools and schools, for example, Stanford and MIT, which have solid name acknowledgment both in the US and universally. Because of their notorieties, these schools get enormous quantities of candidates each year. They end up with low acknowledgment rates since they have to dismiss by far most of candidates so as to keep up their notorieties for scholastic greatness. Just the most qualified understudies are conceded, and even the individuals who in fact satisfy scholarly guidelines may be dismissed relying upon their different accreditations. In 2017, an amazing 47,450 understudies applied to Stanford-and just 2,040 were acknowledged! That is an acknowledgment pace of simply 4.3%, giving Stanford one of the most reduced school acknowledgment rates. Low acknowledgment rates additionally occur at schools that have quite certain standards for confirmation and are well known for different reasons. Military schools, for example, West Point and the US Naval Academy have low acknowledgment rates since they expect candidates to meet other exacting standards other than scholastic capabilities. In the interim, music schools, for example, Juilliard may have particularly low acknowledgment rates in light of the fact that they’re just ready to acknowledge amazingly gifted understudies in a quite certain zone of study. There are additionally schools where understudies are offered free educational cost or should address budgetary issue capabilities so as to be acknowledged. This implies these schools are well known (everybody needs to abstain from paying for school!), yet just a little subset of candidates make the cut. In the following two areas, I’ll experience a rundown of the schools with the most minimal acknowledgment rates in the nation; these fall into both the non-particular mainstream and scholastically thorough classification and the well known and concentrated class. How I envision tries out for Juilliard. Non-Specialized Colleges With Low Acceptance Rates This is a rundown of schools that don't take into account a particular subset of understudies and have acknowledgment paces of under 10%. These schools incorporate Ivy League foundations and different universities that have very high scholarly gauges and far reaching prevalence. Remember that you can’t essentially hope to be acknowledged in light of the fact that you meet the normal scholarly prerequisites. These schools get numerous candidates who are scholastically serious, however acknowledgment isn’t a slam dunk except if you’ve accomplished something extraordinary in secondary school. Any school that has an acknowledgment pace of under 15% is an arrive at school for all understudies. School Name # of Applicants* Acknowledgment Rate Normal SAT Normal ACT Stanford 47,452 4.8% 1465 33 Harvard 42,749 5.2% 1520 34 Columbia 40,203 6.1% 1515 34 Yale 35,307 6.3% 1505 34 Princeton 35,370 6.4% 1500 33 MIT 21,706 7.2% 1528 34 Caltech 8,208 7.7% 1560 35 Pomona 10,245 8.4% 1450 32 UChicago 32,283 8.7% 1530 34 Claremont McKenna 6,272 9.0% 1490 32 Northwestern 40,425 9.2% 1490 33 Earthy colored 35,437 9.3% 1488 32 Penn 44,491 9.3% 1490 33 *Based on fall 2017 affirmations information as revealed in the College Board's BigFuture database To me, the most scary part of this structure is that the engraved Us resembles Versus. That's the means by which you realize something is renowned. Specific Colleges With Low Acceptance Rates This is a rundown of schools that are intended for explicit sorts of understudies and have acknowledgment paces of 15% or less. This incorporates music schools, military schools, and schools with uncommon money related specifications that lead to selectivity and fame. Curtis Institute of Music Undergrad Enrollment: ~175 Number of Applicants: Not detailed Acknowledgment Rate: 4% Normal GPA: Not detailed Normal SAT/ACT: Not detailed Why Is the Acceptance Rate So Low? Confirmation at the Curtis Institute of Music is, as the site accentuates, in light of aesthetic guarantee alone. Only the most capable understudy artists are acknowledged, and spots are exceptionally restricted (just 40 understudies were acknowledged for 2017-18). The school likewise gives a full-educational cost grant to every one of its understudies. The Juilliard School Undergrad Enrollment: 566 Number of Applicants: 4,045 Acknowledgment Rate: 5.9% Normal GPA: Not announced Normal SAT/ACT: Not announced Why Is the Acceptance Rate So Low? Like the Curtis Institute of Music, Juilliard is searching for a quite certain, extremely capable subset of understudies. Candidates must tryout for employees as a piece of the application procedure, and execution norms are remarkably high. US Naval Academy Undergrad Enrollment: 4,495 Number of Applicants: 16,086 Acknowledgment Rate: 8.5% Normal GPA: 3.94 Normal SAT/ACT: 1410/31 Why Is the Acceptance Rate So Low? So as to go to the US Naval Academy, understudies must apply for and get an assignment from a delegate, a congressperson, or the VP. Candidates should likewise pass a physical wellness appraisal and clinical assessment to be qualified for confirmation. Scholarly principles are high also. Every one of these elements joined make for an exceptionally low acknowledgment rate. US Military Academy (West Point) Undergrad Enrollment: 4,491 Number of Applicants: 12,294 Acknowledgment Rate: 9.6% Normal GPA: 3.73 Normal SAT/ACT: 1300/25 Why Is the Acceptance Rate So Low? West Point has such a low acknowledgment rate since it expects understudies to exceed expectations in different manners other than acquiring high grades and grades. Like candidates to the US Naval Academy, understudies must finish a physical wellness appraisal and apply for an assignment from a congressperson, a representative, or the VP. The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art Undergrad Enrollment: 867 Number of Applicants: 2,574 Acknowledgment Rate: 13.1% Normal GPA: 3.50 Normal SAT/ACT: 1393/31 Why Is the Acceptance Rate So Low? At the all-respects school Cooper Union, each understudy gets a half-educational cost grant as well as naturally considered for additional legitimacy grants. Also, the school is home to some profoundly particular projects in design, expressive arts, and building. Understudies applying to the Cooper Union must take home tests planned by the school as an approach to decide understudies' individual aptitude levels. Affirmation depends altogether on imaginative capacities just as scholarly accomplishment. Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering Undergrad Enrollment: 380 Number of Applicants: 878 Acknowledgment Rate: 13.4% Normal GPA: 3.90 Normal SAT/ACT: 1497/34 Why Is the Acceptance Rate So Low? Olin is an incredibly little building school that gives a half-educational cost grant to each understudy. With Olin additionally swearing to meet 100% of exhibited budgetary need, rivalry is wild for the roughly 90 spots every year. Understudies must exhibit by and large scholastic accomplishment as well as exceed expectations in fields, for example, analytics and material science. At Olin, understudies have the chance to take classes at neighboring schools, for example, Babson, Brandeis, and Wellesley. You get the chance to wear a cool cap on the off chance that you move on from West Point. Step by step instructions to Get Into Colleges With Low Acceptance Rates On the off chance that you’re planning to go to one of these universities, you’ll need to do a considerable amount of legwork in secondary school. For the principal gathering of particular schools, you'll be required to keep up a high GPA and procure world class state sanctioned grades to fulfill confirmations guidelines. What's more, you should consider what your actual scholastic and extracurricular interests are and attempt to make an interpretation of those into solid achievements. To stand apart from the group, you’ll need to show these schools that you’re able to do something other than high evaluations and grades. They will likely concede understudies who will make a solid, positive effect on the world. We give you more tips in our master control on the best way to get into the most particular schools. For the universities with low acknowledgment rates on the subsequent rundown, the way to acknowledgment (generally) is successful arranging and a comprehension of precisely the stuff to get in. In the event that you’re taking a gander at a high-bore music school, for instance, you’ll should be amazingly devoted to rehearsing music consistently and getting ready for your tryout. For the military schools, you’ll need to apply for your designation from an administration official well before the application cutoff time. Every one of these schools are trying to get into, however not feasible on the off chance that you prepare and do your best. Simply recall that such grandiose objectives will require bunches of commitment and exertion! I'm certain you'll expert the school application process. If not, you can generally turn into an expert poker player. From what I've seen, the capabilities are simply possessing a couple of shades and being seriously genuinely hindered. What's Next? In case you're keen on schools with low acknowledgment rates, you'll more likely than not must have a high GPA. Peruse this article on the best way to get passing marks in secondary school for

Taxation Law for Low Value Pool Deduction- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about theTaxation Law for Low Value Pool Deduction. Answer: Calculation of Low Value Pool Deduction PC In the Books of Edward For the year finished 2015-16 Calculation of Low Value Pool Deduction PC Line Low Value Pool Deduction Sum ($) A Shutting Balance of the pool 900 B Opening Adjustable Value 1250 C Include push (A+B) = D 2150 D Increase push C by 0.375 806.25 E Available rate utilization of advantage 1250 F Extra Capital expense 0 G Include: Rows (E+F) 1250 H Increase push G by 0.1875 234.375 I Absolute Low Value Pool Deduction 1040.625 B: Furniture In the Books of Edward For the year finished 2015-16 Calculation of Low Value Pool Deduction Furniture Column Low Value Pool Deduction Sum ($) A Shutting Balance of the pool 2400 B Opening Adjustable Value 3000 C Include push (A+B) = D 5400 D Duplicate line C by 0.375 2025 E Available rate utilization of benefit 3000 F Extra Capital expense 0 G Include: Rows (E+F) 3000 H Duplicate line G by 0.1875 562.5 I All out Low Value Pool Deduction 2587.5 File organizer In the Books of Edward For the year finished 2015-16 Calculation of Low Value Pool Deduction Filling Cabinets Column Low Value Pool Deduction Sum ($) A Shutting Balance of the pool 890 B Opening Adjustable Value 1000 C Include push (A+B) = D 1890 D Duplicate line C by 0.375 708.75 E Available rate utilization of benefit 1000 F Extra Capital expense 0 G Include: Rows (E+F) 1000 H Duplicate line G by 0.1875 187.5 I All out Low Value Pool Deduction 896.25 From the above expressed calculation the inquiries that is purchased forward is in regards to asserting an admissible reasoning for the declining estimation of the ease and low worth resources that an individual makes over the span of creating or delivering the available pay at the hour of recording assessment form (Barkoczy, 2016). As clear from the current of Alpha it is seen that the declining estimation of the advantage that is accounted for that period are under $1000. Alpha detailed a benefit to be specific furnishings and bureau filings for which it utilized prime cost strategy. As indicated by the standard of the Australian Taxation Office a supposition can be purchased forward in the current circumstance of Alpha that benefits, for example, furniture and bureau are esteemed under the prime cost strategy (Woellner et al., 2016). Thusly, Alpha won't be permitted guarantee a permissible reasoning at the hour of documenting personal government form. Then again, it is seen that Desktop PCs was esteemed under the reducing cost technique and a suitable conclusion can be asserted at the hour of recording annual government form by Alpha. Reference List: Barkoczy, S. (2016). Establishments of Taxation Law 2016.OUP Catalog. Woellner, R. H., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C., Pinto, D. (2016).Australian Taxation Law Select: Legislation and Commentary 2016. Oxford University Press.

Essay Examples Are Great Resources

Essay Examples Are Great ResourcesEssay examples are great resources for those looking to create their own academic papers. This is because the examples include both words and sentences that can be used in your academic writing. In addition, these examples also have illustrations. There are several ways that you can use these examples as your own; however, it is up to you to make sure that you choose the most appropriate method.Methods of using examples are a little bit different than when you are just reading and using words. The basis of the essay must be how to write an essay. Therefore, before you attempt to write an essay, you must consider the type of information that you are going to include in the essay. In this way, you will be able to find examples that will help you to structure your own essay.You will find many different example formats on the internet. For example, there are websites that offer free writing tutorials. There are also a number of sites that offer free essa y examples.However, when you write for an essay, you should consider the format of the paper that you are writing for essay examples. A lot of these free websites offer the option to hire a ghost writer for a fee. This means that you will be able to get help from an experienced writer when you are creating your own academic paper.However, if you are just starting out, or do not have much money to spend, it may be best to utilize free websites that offer essay examples. There are several options that you can use. These websites usually offer a template and each section is usually complete with a sentence or two.When you write your own essay, you should try to follow the written guidelines on the template. This will allow you to create a completely unique version of your essay. You can also include these examples to your own personalize the essay.You can also choose to write your own essay by using other major types of essay examples. Examples that are written for marketing, sales, pu blic relations, and writing samples are just a few examples. These samples offer various categories of people to relate to and include information that includes how to provide a business solution for the client.By using these examples, you will be able to use specific examples to create your own unique essay. The benefit of using these examples is that it is up to you. You do not have to choose between using free information or hiring a professional writer. Using free examples is still a good option, but if you have time, you may want to use an expert writer to help you create your unique academic paper.

Angels and Demons Book Review

When Dan Brown published his fourth  novel, The Da Vinci Code, in 2003, it was an instant bestseller. It boasted a fascinating protagonist, a Harvard professor of religious iconography named Robert Langdon, and compelling conspiracy theories. Brown, it seemed, had come out of nowhere. But the bestseller actually had precursors, including Angels and Demons,  the first book in the  Robert Langdon series. Published in 2000 by Simon Schuster, the 713-page turner  takes place chronologically before The Da Vinci Code, although it doesnt really matter which you read first. Both books revolve around  conspiracies within the Catholic church, but most of the action in Angels and Demons takes place in Rome and the Vatican.  As of 2018, Brown has written three more books in the  Robert Langdon saga, The Lost Symbol (2009), Inferno (2013), and Origin (2017). All but The Lost Symbol and Origin have been made into films starring Tom Hanks. Plot The book opens with the murder of a physicist working for the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Switzerland. An ambigram representing the word  Illuminati, referring to a centuries-old secret society,  has been branded onto the victims chest. In addition, the director of CERN soon learns that a canister filled with a type of matter that has the destructive power equal to a nuclear bomb has been stolen from CERN and  hidden somewhere in Vatican City. The director calls in  Robert Langdon, an expert on archaic religious symbolism, to help unravel the various clues and find the canister. Themes What follows is a fast-paced thriller focused on Langdons attempts to discover who is pulling the strings within the Illuminati  and how far their influence goes. Its major themes are religion versus science, skepticism versus faith, and the hold that powerful people and institutions have over the people they supposedly serve. Positive Reviews Angels and Demons  is an intriguing thriller for the way in which it mixes religious and historical elements with a sense of foreboding. It introduced the general public to an ages-old secret society, and was a unique entry into the world of conspiracy theory mysteries.  While the book may not be  great literature  per se, it is great entertainment. Publishers Weekly had this to say:   Well plotted and explosively paced.  Crammed with Vatican intrigue and hi-tech drama, Brown’s tale is laced with twists and shocks that keep the reader wired right up until the final revelation. Packing the novel with sinister figures worthy of a Medici, Brown sets an explosive pace through a Michelin-perfect Rome. Negative Reviews The book received its share of criticism, mainly for its historical inaccuracies presented as fact, a criticism that would carry over into The Da Vinci Code, which played even more fast and loose with history and religion. Some Catholics took offense at Angels and Demons, and with its subsequent sequels, stating that the book is nothing but a smear campaign of their beliefs. Conversely,  the books emphasis on secret societies, alternative interpretations of history, and conspiracy theories might strike pragmatic readers as more of a fantasy than a fact-based thriller. Finally, Dan Brown doesnt hold back as far as violence is concerned. Some readers might object to   or find disturbing the graphic nature of Browns writing. Still,  Angels and Demons has sold millions of copies worldwide, and remains a popular read  with lovers of conspiracy-laced thrillers.

What I Have Learned About Diversity Management - 1524 Words

Diversity in the workplace has been a very knowledgeable course in which sometimes I have been challenged on my own thought process and beliefs. As I move forward in my studies and life I plan to expand my awareness of recognize my own ethnocentricities and respect the benefits of other cultures diverse values and behaviors. As I make the move into management I plan on applying what I have learned about diversity management and how as stated in (Canas Sondak, 2014)creates not only a competitive advantage in consumer markets but an environment in which differences are â€Å"valued and allowed to influence positively [organizational members’] experience in and contribution to the work of the organization. Looking back on my research paper when deciding what company to choose my audit for I found each company has the same concept that would be they could change the world through diversity in the workplace. I plan on taking this business belief and applying it to my company and show the success that it has brought to other companies. I would like to expand my awareness on the laws and regulations in diversity laws and regulations so not to make a mistake and unintentionally discriminate against someone. I would apply my knowledge of the two types of sexual harassment that came out of the Supreme Court case Meritor Savings Bank vs. Vinson, as stated in (Powell, 2011) in quid pro quo sexual harassment, the harasser asks the victim to participate in sexual activity in return forShow MoreRelatedMy Reflection On My Experience In A Classroom1282 Words   |  6 Pages Over the past month in my classroom, I feel as if I have learned and observed an almost overwhelming amount of interactions, situations, etc. It seems that it should not have been possible to learn so much in such a short amount of time. However, I firmly believe that these observations have allowed me to add to my experiences and knowledge regarding my future in this career field. Coming into this internship program, my main goal was to learn how to teach lessons. My focus was geared towardsRead MoreLeadership Challenges in Diversity Essay1078 Words   |  5 Pages Leadership Challenges in Diversity The article, â€Å"Challenges of Leading a Diverse Workforce,† by Janice R.W. Joplin and Catherine Daus, discusses research that suggests six challenging factors when promoting diversity in an organization, along with proposed solutions to those challenges. The six challenges include, the Change of Power Dynamics, Diversity of Opinions, Perceived Lack of Empathy, Tokenism, real and perceived, Participation, and Inertia (Joplin, Daus 1997). 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Over the years, I have come to learn diversity is everyday lifestyles, whether it is faced on by grocery shopping, employment etc. I have learned there is no way around diversities and its settings; however, diversity is a direction of your reflection. Read MoreOrganizational Behavior And The Social Sciences1671 Words   |  7 PagesAfter 7 weeks of Organizational Behavior class, I have learned many factors that influence an individual to make a workplace more exciting and effective. This class is more than a subject for me as it helped me to experience the different views of my peers. There is no doubt that, this subject is an eye opener for me that gives value to my work ethics and understandings. Before beginning to learn the subject, there were so many unknown factors that required clarifications in my work life. 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People are classified negatively by their race, gender, economic status, and many more categories, but what someone views as a weakness just might be another’s strength. The Merriam Webster dictionary defines diversity as â€Å"the condition of having orRead MoreReflective Report On Public Service Course1013 Words   |  5 Pagesreflective report I would like to address the most importance elements about what I have learned through the first semester on MSc in public service course u. I must say that the environment surrounding me has affected my reflective knowledge acquisition. I have been through the first course’s modules such as Marketing in an International context, Management organisational behaviour, and Management environment. However, the most interesting module for me is the international Management and LeadershipRead MoreDiversity Management and Cultural Intelligence1260 Words   |  6 PagesCARROLL 1 Shavasia K. 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Teaching Homosexuality And The School System - 1126 Words

Social Conditioning Teaching Homosexuality Through the Unites States teaching homosexuality and the Acceptance of Gay student s is becoming more prevelant. The question that should be asked first is why students are becoming targets for the new Homosexual Agenda? The Public school system has become the prey for Gay right activist. â€Å" The ideas is change the minds of students today, and you will change the direction od states tomorrow (Harrub 2006). Activist believe the younger the kids, the more open they are. They believe if kids are educated from First and second grade about homosexuality, it will cause a better generation of individuals. How are gay activist approaching the school system? Activist are able to approach schools by repackaging the gay movement as a safety issue Stated by Kevin Jennings, Director of the Office of safe and Drug Free schools. Reform the movement by saying schools are not safe for gay and lesbian youth. Gay and lesbian youth will be subjected to bullying, name-calling, suicide and other violent problems. Making schools safe has now transitioned to the Teaching students the normalcy of homosexuality and the acceptance of Homosexuality as a culture. Instead of teaching the health risk of homosexuality, Schools are now acknowledging the history of homosexuality. California has now passed a law the makes May 22 â€Å"gay Day†. The day is officially called Harvey Milk Day, in honor of Harvey Milk an activist and first openly gay men to be electedShow MoreRelatedGay And High School Students1235 Words   |  5 Pagesit is important for our youth to be educated about the diversity that ex ists among them. Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) students are more likely to be open about their sexualities and identities today than ever before. 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A Discussion of Assessment and Feedback Issues free essay sample

A discussion of assessment and feedback issues Assessment is an important part of teaching and learning, the most obvious reason for carrying out assessment is to evaluate the students learning/achievement s and whether the student is heading toward the course of qualification. Teaching within NVQ the criteria is laid out for me as a teacher my role is to prepare the students to observe their performances, question them, and use assessment to make a decision as to whether my learners are competent or capable. I must also to ensure that the assessment meets the criteria and objectives of the NVQ qualification. We as the teachers/assessors want to know whether learning outcomes have been achieved, or if the student is of a standard required to pass and achieve the grade /qualification. It also helps me as the tutor up most to help determine the development the student needs during the course. Assessment is also a away to provide information on individual teacher or the institution. For example; are the teaching methods affective, are the learning objectives appropriate- are they too easy or to difficult. Assessment within my teaching domain comprises of different components, performances in the work places, the use of realistic working environment. With NVQ teaching we have specific criteria that must be covered and include skills as well as knowledge, we the assessors have the decision as to how and where the assessment takes place. NVQ level 1-2-3 hairdressing comprises of units which must be cover die, Level 3 consists of 53 credits minimum split into mandatory units -48 credits and optional unit of which is 6 credits to pass and obtain the qualification. Following VTCT/HABIA critia guide lines and assessment work book. VTCT/HABIA strongly advocates a holistic approach for assessment of learners. Examples include using one assessment method to gather evidence for a number of criteria integrating knowledge into practical observation (i. e. through oral or evidenced on analysis sheets i. e. consultation forms). I myself as a teacher of hair and beauty believe in Habia and VTCT Assessment learning and teaching strategies I believe in engaging and exciting the learner whether it means I need to change the way I assess or how I bring my knowledge forward for learners to understand and help them complete their course. I measure the achievements against the standards set out. One of the advantages of NVQs is that the whole area to be tested is set out from the start. NVQ assessment is usually internal or external or a combination of the two. Internal assessment means myself is responsible for devising and marking assessments be it using case study’s which also help develop functional/key skills, observation ,oral ,informal,ect. These then tend to be verified by the centre internal verifier. I myself am required to set work that will improve practical skills knowledge and understanding. It’s my responsibility to guide learners on the evidence that is needed to be gathered to satisfy assessment. Within my course criteria (NVQ) we use formative and summative assessment as the main hold of the course. Unlike summative assessment which relates to assessment of learning, feedback relates to assessment for learning. Assessment 1998: Torrance and Pryor 1998) which helps the learners progress (Black and William We use formative assessment as formal or informal. For assessment to function formatively, the results have to be used to adjust teaching and learning. † (Black and William 1998: pp. -16) With formative assessment we use a range of activitys, case studies, multiple choice test, practical test, projects, questioning alone or within a group. To help students understand the frame work and what is needed we use in NVQ or within my institution mile stones of 13 weeks covering formative summative and mandatory test assessment. I strongly believe in formative a ssessment for the students and me the teacher for my own evaluation as well as theses; it contributes to the learner’s progress provided guidance on how to bridge the gaps to achieve the desired results, we use ILPS to also help within this process. ILPs individual learning plans, we use these to encourage the students also for means of developing their own targets and to motivate and encourage the students learning development. These documents are updated by learner and teacher throughout the course and are used as part of the formal course assessment. Summative assessment is used for grading or within my teaching domain it’s a simple pass or fail. As stated in (Teaching skills in the further and adult education 3rd addition David Minton p 288) progression and new technology. There is no reason why a teaching session in a hairdressing salon should not be video-taped or photo graphed and presented with by the teacher to explain whys/he did what, what happened, what was observed in a group or individual work. It’s a valuable tool for evaluation as well as valid evidence. It can be shared with mentor or other tutor to compare and evaluate work, to review Atcual teaching session also and assessment of students. I myself have used this and found it a good tool to be used. In regards to questions and feed back during assessment, It’s important to be specific on what can be improved and how. Effective feedback tells the student what they have achieved and where they need to improve. Questioning is used not only as a pedagogical tool but also as a deliberate way for myself the teacher to find out what knowledge and understanding the leaner’s have gained, also to helps myself the teacher see how successful my teaching has been and what areas need to be improved . Questioning is fundamental to effective teaching and learning. As stated by ( Fisher amp; Frey 2007) Checking for understanding through questioning should not be thought as a simple two step process but rather as a complex progression as the teacher formulates and then listens to the responses of the learners, IE making them from easy to hard and simplifying them for students own level of learning. Self and peer assessment can also be beneficial in feedback and evaluation on own and peers works. As state many academic teachers still tend to retain all ownership and power in the assessment process (Dorothy spiller teaching development wahonga Feb 2012 assessment matters). Self assessment is used during formative assessment which students reflects and evaluates their own work. Seeing their strengths weaknesses and areas they feel they need to improve, helps set self goals becoming more motivated. Self assessment within my teaching area requires the student to fill out self assessment feedback forms in relation to a practical activities carried out, this help them self –evaluate their work strengths and weaknesses. â€Å"SELF ASSESMENT WITH ITS EMPHASIS ON STUDENT RESPONAIBITIY AND MAKING JUDGMENT IS NECESSARY SKILL FOR LIFE LONG LEARNING â€Å"(Bond, 1995, P. 11,). In the3 same contexts Peer feedback can also be beneficial to individuals or groups of students who are keen to experiment and use new ideas. Peers assessment involving students giving feedback on peers work can help students make sense of gaps in their own work. I see self and peer assessment beneficial where certain points are present. Designed to enhance learning ,involving learners in judging own work, help improve and motivated owns mind and work . Boud, D (1995). Enhancing learning through self-assesment. London:Koger page. Boud, (1995 P. 11. ). (Black and William 1998: pp. 5-16) Douglas Fisheramp; Nancy Frey 2007 www. reading,org questioning. (Teaching skills in the further and adult education 3rd addition David Minton p 288)

Recommendation of Management Training Companies for Business Partnership Essay Example

Recommendation of Management Training Companies for Business Partnership Essay MEMORADUM To William HO, the Director of Gross saless and Selling From Victor Wong Kwun Kit, Management Trainee Date 7 May 2014 We will write a custom essay sample on Recommendation of Management Training Companies for Business Partnership specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Recommendation of Management Training Companies for Business Partnership specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Recommendation of Management Training Companies for Business Partnership specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Capable Recommendation of Management Training Companies for Business Partnership Introduction In response to your petition in April 2014, I have conducted a comprehensive reappraisal on the preparation demands of Yummy Fast Food ( Yummy ) and evaluated the suitableness of our possible concern spouses – AP Corporate Training ( AP ) and Excel Management Consultants ( Excel ) . Due to Yummy’s concern sing the inadequacy of following merely one preparation attack in deciding their jobs, we would collaborate with either AP or Excel as a concern spouse to supply an effectual and all-rounded preparation plan. The intent of this study is to measure the two direction preparation companies and suggest the most suited concern spouse to join forces with us in functioning Yummy. This study is composed of the recommendation and decision subdivision, choice standards and justifications, and followed by a holistic analysis of the two companies based on preparation attack and suitableness, cost-effectiveness and repute. Recommendation and Decision After a careful comparing of the two companies, I would urge Excel alternatively of AP to be our concern spouse, chiefly because of their cost-efficient and good established preparation method. Equipped with the alone PARA attack, Excel will plan bespoke plans during the readying phase and guarantee the intended aims have been achieved during the post-event feedback session. Excel is able to integrate synergistic outdoor activities in cultural defining and squad edifice solutions that match the demands and corporate environment of Yummy, which are peculiarly effectual to energetic catering staff with lower instruction degree. Their short term experimental acquisition attack surely supplement good with our long term training doctrine in bring forthing immediate but long permanent effects to Yummy. Founded in 1962, Excel has developed sound path record and extended geographic coverage across 30 counties with 50 preparation Centres. Positive post-training feedbacks from participants have appreciated the profound impacts and first quality of their services. Given the sensible monetary value charged and ideal length of the plans, I would urge Excel over AP for the concern partnership. Choice Criteria and Justification To choose the concern spouse that best fit the specific demands of Yummy, I have weighed the two companies by the undermentioned subdivision standards and justifications. The subdivision is listed in falling order of importance: 1. Training attack and Suitability to the demands of Yummy This is of paramount importance that the corporate preparation attack of the concern spouse stresses the practical application of developing experience in existent concern environment and straight addresses the cardinal jobs of Yummy, since this would find the range and nature of the preparation merchandises offered and their effectivity. It is indispensable for the concern spouse to transport out an in-depth diagnosing sing the demands of Yummy during the readying phase to orient made preparation services that well strengthen direction effectivity, readily work out cultural struggles and develop common apprehension between squads in Yummy. Apart from that, the concern spouses should be able to bring forth synergism with Vertex, either by complementing the inadequacy of Vertex’s service coverage or by reenforcing the effects of Vertex’s preparations. It is important that the preparation attack of the concern spouse creates no struggle with that of Vertex. Otherwise, it would take to inauspicious effects that undermine the overall preparation consequence. An optimum pick of concern spouse with suited preparation attack and tight coaction with Vertex would supply maximised benefits to Yummy. 2. Cost-Effectiveness of the Program Cost-effectiveness of preparation services is another major demand of Yummy, as stated in their old electronic mails. In visible radiation of this, I will carry on a cost-benefit analysis on the plans provided by the two preparation companies, which take into history factors such as monetary value, continuance, characteristics of the plans and back uping services provided. In the rating of each of the above factors, the measuring is based on the suitableness to Yummy’s specific corporate environment, effectivity in deciding corporate challenges and attraction of the characteristics towards the employees. A desirable plan should give immediate but long permanent effects to Yummy while bear downing a sensible monetary value. 3. Repute and Path Record Repute and experience of the concern spouses are another cardinal standards. The repute of the preparation company can guarantee that their services are of high quality. The market place of the company will connote whether the preparation attack is widely recognised by different clients in assorted geographicss. To place jobs and design matching solution in a more efficient mode, a concern spouse demands to hold in-depth experience, extended web and strong relationship in a wide scope of industries, in peculiar catering. The feedbacks from old clients will farther determine the consequence of their preparations and whether the preparation advisers are professional. Findingss and Analysis 1. Training attack and Suitability to the demands of Yummy Excel uses a well-recognized experiential acquisition attack, which means acquisition by making. It combines out-of-door activities with activities to accomplish an optimum mix of larning experience delivered to the participants. Under the alone acquisition model PARA , which refers to readying, action, contemplation and application, Excel seamster made their preparations to aim specific demands of their clients. Their PARA attack is consistent with Vertex’s end puting attack, since both of which emphasis on pre-training readying and post-training monitoring and contemplation. Having strong accent on teamwork and compassion aided with existent life experience for the receivers, Excel’s developing doctrine lucifers precisely with Yummy’s demands and enhances the effectivity on squad coaction and cultural alteration. Excel’s Culture Programme and People Program could undertake critical challenges of Yummy by constructing trust and facilitating relationship development across the squads. A major concern sing the range of services provided by Excel is that all the preparations requires at least 10 participants. Therefore, Excel is unable to sharpen the leading accomplishments of the 4 directors of Yummy. However, this hazard is safely mitigated by the leading coaching services provided by Vertex. In contrast, even though AP provides another well-known acquisition attack based on acquisition and application of cognition with customized characteristics, the range and nature of their merchandise offering are unsuitable to the demands and environment of Yummy. The overemphasis on theoretical cognition and instance surveies may take to limited immediate impact on the catering operation of Yummy. While preparations for directors are comparatively solid with Manager as Appraiser and The Effective Management for Managers , their maps are overlapping with Leadership Coaching and 360 Assessment provided by Vertex. Furthermore, merely one plan, How to Win Friendship in Workplace , is applicable to the staff, who are the bulk of the participants, and this plan is unable to decide Yummy’s major job created by cultural struggle. Overall, I anticipate that Excel’s attack would bring forth a stronger synergism with Vertex and supply a more comprehensive solution that suits the demands of Yummy. 2. Cost-Effectiveness of the Program I believe that Excel’s services will be more cost-efficient sing their sensible monetary value and higher quality of service. On norm, each of their plan take 2.5 to 3 yearss, which includes one twenty-four hours of post-event feedback session to guarantee planed aims are achieved. The plan continuance is optimum to trip cultural alteration and construct long lasting relationship. A series of out-of-door activities will take topographic point in Excel’s sophisticated preparation sites located in Tai Mong Tsai and Wong Wan Chau. These synergistic and piquant activities could promote active engagement from Yummy’s staff and are peculiarly effectual since employees in catering industry are by and large energetic and have lower instruction degree. The cost of each customised plan is $ 5,600 per caput with a 20 % price reduction is considered acceptable to Yummy. On the other manus, the preparation bundle offered by AP might be less attractive to Yummy given the short continuance of the plans, schoolroom styled acquisition and deficiency of back uping services. Two out of the three suited plans offered by AP last for merely 1 twenty-four hours and the staying one last for 3 yearss. I am rather dubious whether the staff and directors can to the full absorb the cognition taught in such short clip frame and use them in existent concern environment. Sing the instruction degree of Yummy’s staff, the theoretical acquisition and instance surveies approach might render the preparation uneffective by demotivating the group with notes and talks, despite the potentially interesting function drama subdivision. There are no station event feedback or rating session offered to determine intended ends are attained. The fees construction of each customised plan is the same as Excel. However, it is more expensive after taking into history the shorter co ntinuance of the plans. 3. Repute and Path Record Excel has a much longer history ( 50+ old ages ) than AP ( 17 old ages ) , with operation commenced since 1962 in Britain. It has the most extended geographic coverage in the industry with 50 preparation Centres located in more than 30 states and possesses the most constituted preparation methodological analysis in the field of experiential instruction, which non merely indicated Excel’s matchless repute, but their various abilities to function companies with different civilizations and demands globally. Meanwhile, positive post-training remarks from pervious participants have pinpointed their effectivity on furthering squad cooperation and relationship edifice. This is peculiarly relevant in covering with the current challenges of Yummy. Relatively, AP has its border on serving a assortment of esteemed local clients in assorted industries such as Hyatt ( Hotel Industry ) , IBM ( Technology Industry ) and most significantly Maxim’s Cafe ( Catering Industry ) . This implies that AP would hold an accurate apprehension on the demands of the catering industry and could plan industry specific plans to Yummy consequently. In add-on, AP has achieved an outstanding client satisfaction rate of 97 % over the old ages which serves as a strong prove of their quality of service. Although both Excel and AP have solid path record and sound client feedbacks, Excel somewhat triumph over AP in its expertness on advancing coaction and developing common apprehension between squads, which are important to Yummy. Excel’s deficiency of providing industry experience would be readily covered by the in-depth analysis performed by Vertex over the past months. Shutting Remarks Sing the aforesaid choice standards and findings, Excel Management Consultants would be a better concern spouse than AP to collaborate with us in supplying a comprehensive, impactful and well-structured preparation plan for Yummy. Should you hold any questions on the rating, delight kindly allow me cognize and I am happy to explicate and supply more inside informations for you. VWKK

Spanish Words for Use Around the Home

Spanish Words for Use Around the Home If youre like most of us, chances are you spend more time at home than you do anywhere else. So if youre looking at expanding your Spanish vocabulary, you might consider starting with some of the places youre most familiar with. Following, then, are the most common Spanish words used for places and items in the house. Note that many of the words can vary with region, and many of the words can have other meanings in other contexts. For example, while dormitorio is a common word for bedroom, it also can refer to the sleeping car of a train. Rooms and Areas of the House attic: el tico, el desvn, el entretechobasement: el sà ³tanobathroom: el baà ±o, el cuarto de baà ±o, el retretebedroom: el dormitoriocloset, wardrobe: el armario, el roperocourtyard: el patioden, study: el estudiodining room: el comedorentryway: la entradafamily room: la estancia, el cuarto de estargarage: el garage, la cocherakitchen: la cocinaliving room: la sala de estar, el salà ³nroom: el cuarto Words for Built-in Features ceiling: el techocupboard: el armario, la despensadoor: la puertaelectrical socket: el enchufe (de pared)faucet: el grifofloor: el suelo (floor that is walked on), el piso (level of a building)(kitchen) counter: el mostrador (de cocina), la encimera (other words are also used in various areas)lamp: la lmparalight: la luz, la lmpara, la lmpara de techo (ceiling light), el plafà ³n (ceiling light)mirror: el espejoroof: el tejadosink: el fregadero, el fregadero de cocina (kitchen sink), el fregadero de baà ±o (bathroom sink)stairs: la escalera, las escalerastoilet: el vter, el wter, el inodoro, el servicio, el retretewall: la pared (inside), el muro (outside)window: la ventana Words for Appliances and Furniture bed: la camablender: la licuadorachair: la sillachest of drawers: la cà ³modacouch, sofa: el sof, el divndishwasher: el lavavajillas, el lavaplatos, el friegaplatos (These are all compound nouns.)drier (for clothes): la secadorairon: la planchaoven: el horno (el horno microondas, or simply el microondas, microwave oven)stove: la estufa, la cocina (usage varies with region)table: la mesatoaster: el tostador, la tostadoravacuum cleaner: la aspiradorawasher (for clothes): la lavadora

Literature Review and Research Proposal - That extra intervention of a

And Research Proposal - That extra intervention of a dietician and occupational therapist will maintain a he - Literature review Example To date there is no known cure for the disease even though there are various methods which slow down its advance and thus assists the patients in relieving some of the signs. It is a terminal disease which incurable and leads to death (Innes, Kelly and McCabe, 2012, p. 104). Extra intervention of a dietician and an occupational therapist will ultimately maintain a healthy body mass index and improve quality of life, depression and dyskinesia in the patient with Alzheimer’s disease. This literature review and research paper will take a deep comprehensive study on the vital important role that the dieticians and the occupational therapist play in the slowing down on the effects and symptoms of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (Small and Vorgan, 2011, p. 124). This paper summarizes the specific approaches to the maintenance of a healthy body mass index in the patient whereas taking into consideration the other aspects of good health which include improvement of the qualit y of life, significant reduction of depression and dyskinesia (McDonald, 2010, p. 32). This paper will take into account the world-class recommendations that a dietician will highly recommend regarding certain foods which the Alzheimer’s patient will eat so that the symptoms of the disease are significantly reduced (Pulsford and Thompson, 2012, p. 129). Notable recommendations will also be highlighted regarding the advice that an occupational therapist would outmost recommend to the patient. A detailed overview on what the patient should do to reduce these symptoms are noted whereas providing very valuable advice on how the patients health will improve taking in to consideration the patient’s body mass index, superior life quality and an overall reduction in depression and dyskinesia (Downs and Bowers, 2008, p. 58). Literature Review Alzheimer’s disease has in the recent past turned out to be a widespread dementia complication among old people in the society. As defined, Alzheimer’s disease is the general loss of cognitive functioning which includes reduced reasoning, remembering, and thinking ability. Alzheimer’s disease is also presumed to be an irreversible and a progressive brain disorder which minimises thinking and memory skills. Moreover, recent researches have also confirmed that, long term existence of Alzheimer’s disease may as well reduce individuals’ ability to carry out some of the simplest jobs (Basak, Boot, Kraemer and Voss 2008, p. 777). Based on the available statistics, Alzheimer’s disease is in most cases apparent among people who are above 60 years of age. Compared to traditional society, contemporary societies have witnessed significant increased in cases of Alzheimer’s disease (Vance, McNees and Meneses, 2009, p. 51). In the extreme cases, Alzheimer’s disease is as well affecting young people. The side effects and magnitude of Alzheimer’s disease is with time tur ning out to be very severe and in some cases Alzheimer’s disease has reported to cause deaths. The contemporary nature and side effects of Alzheimer’s disease have forced health researchers and thinkers to undertake intensive researches to identify the main cause of the disease as well as the most cost effective and efficiency means of dealing with the problem (Ziere, Dieleman, Hofman, Pols, Cammen and Stricker, 2007, p. 223). The subsequent literature review is intended at examining how the extra intervention of a dietician and occupational ther

Multinational Company and Its Organizational Goals Case Study

Multinational Company and Its Organizational Goals - Case Study Example Organization structure should be chosen based on its strategy (Bartol and Martin, 1998, p. 251 - 278). For example, suppose an organization is making or delivering large volumes of only a few products or services in the same geographical area, and these are very similar to each other. All the organization needs to do is coordinate the various departments, then departmentalized or functional structure works best. Departmentalization allows people to specialize in a function, and achieve economies of scale. Suppose the organization is producing or delivering several products or services in the same geographical area, and these products are very dissimilar from each other. Then, it is better to organize along product lines. This is because one product does not have anything to do with the other, there are no economies in the functional structure for this case. On the other hand, giving each product its independent departments lets the product managers serve their customers more efficien tly. Suppose the organization is producing or delivering several products or services to several different customers whose demands are very different. Then it is better to organize along customer lines so that the managers can work towards satisfying each customer according to his or her needs. The same logic goes for organizing on the basis of country or region. If the organization is making products in several places with different tastes and demands, the organization should organize along geographical lines.

Understanding Spesific Needs in Health and Social Care Essay Example for Free

Understanding Spesific Needs in Health and Social Care Essay The aim of this essay is to analyse the concepts of health, disability, illness and behaviour and also investigate how health and social care services and systems support individuals with specific needs and look at different approaches and intervention strategies available to support individuals with specific needs, lastly will explain what challenging behaviour is and explain strategies available for those working with people with specific needs LO1. 1 Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1974). During the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion in 1986, the World Health Organisation said that health is â€Å"a source for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasising social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities†. Health is traditionally equated to the absence of disease. A lack of fundamental pathology was thought to define ones health as good, whereas biological driven pathogens and conditions would render an individual with poor health and labelled diseased. However, Aggleton amp; Homans (1897), Ewles amp; Simnett (1999) argue that health is holistic and includes different dimensions and all needs to be considered. Bilingham (2010) explains health in two models which are the biomedical model and the socio-medical model. She said biomedical model is an approach to health and illness that identifies healthy as the ‘absence of disease’ and focuses on diagnosing and curing individuals with specific illnesses , the socio medial model is an approach to health and illness that focuses on the social and environmental factors that influence our health, including the impact of poverty and poor housing. The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 defines a disabled person as anyone with a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long term adverse effect upon his or her ability to carry out normal day to day activities. Disability can affect someone’s mobility, learning or understanding, and lack of understanding when it comes to danger. Disability covers a lot of impairments which include physical impairments, sensory impairments and communication difficulties. There are three models of disability which are the personal tragedy model, the medical model and the social model. In the past people with disabilities were discriminated by the families and the society. The language and terminology used were words such as imbeciles, handicapped and mental retarded. People with disabilities were called dangerous and scary and they were seen as not equal citizens, in need of special care. They were not seen as normal people. Behaviour is anything that a person does or does not do which has a negative effect on their lives or the lives of others. The negative effects can be emotional, physical and social. Also, one’s behaviour pleases and other’s infuriates. Some behaviour are socially acceptable here in the western world but not socially acceptable in African communities, for example kissing in public is not totally acceptable where I come from nevertheless, here in London (Europe) people can kiss in the public without any problem, people accept such behaviours in Europe . Illness is the partial experience of loss of health (Naidoo and Wills, 2000 p7). Illness is having poor health and is considered a synonym for disease; some have described it as a perception by a patient to define a disease. Illness indicates a condition causing harm and pain. Social constructionists argue that the following concepts illness, health, disease and behaviour are all relative concepts not universal but particular. Social concepts are learned and shared. Concepts often tell us more about the societies out of which they came than about the thing they are actually describing. LO1. 2 People’s perceptions on specific needs vary from cultures and societies. People’s perceptions Are also culturally and historically specific. Epilepsy in the Middle Ages was viewed as a violent possession by malevolent or even divine forces. Early part of the 20th century epilepsy was linked with insanity; people believed that the Holy Spirit was working them. In Third World cultures epilepsy continue to be defined in super natural terms. Recently a community study in Nigeria found that after heredity, witch craft was the cause of epilepsy amongst the lay populace (Awaritefe et al, 1985). Danesi (1984) has revealed that most Nigerians with epilepsy experience it as highly stigmatizing and something to be hidden from others but through medical discoveries and medical advances we know that epilepsy is caused by abnormal neurological activity that occurs as a result of damage or result to the brain. Epilepsy is now controlled by carbamazepine tablets and sodium valproate which controls the seizures however, what we all know is subject to reinterpretation. At any time new technological advances, new medical discoveries, new ways of looking at the structure and functioning of the body or brain could replace the current orthodoxy and epilepsy could come to be seen in a completely different light. Department of Health (1999) launched a strategy to ensure that doctors and nurses have the skills they need to use to make the best use of new technology introduced into the NHS. The right to freedom from discriminations for people with a range of disabilities, including those with a learning disability, has been enshrined in the 1995 Disability Discrimination Act which says employers should make reasonable adjustments to allow an individual with disability to gain employment and ramps to be provided so that wheel chair users can access t facilities in the facilities in the community. Also there is the Valuing People 2001 which state that support should be given to people with learning disabilities and their families and that people with disabilities should have control over their lives as much as possible (Department of Health, 2009). I have also done a small scale research and investigated the perceptions of people with specific needs which I carried at Shining Star Residential Care Home . LO1. 3 Social policy is the only one way of encouraging and promoting ethical practice. The functions of a regulatory body go much further than disseminating policies and code of ethics. Legislation acts have helped to set and enforce educational standards, which meet the needs of people, e. g. the Disability Discrimination Act 1995, which protect individuals with disabilities from discrimination (Rogers and Pilgrim, 1991). Legislation plays an important role in ways that services are made available for individuals with specific needs. Legislation modifies attitudes and practices. From the mid 1980’s some western countries e. g. Australia have enacted legislation which embraces a right based discourse rather than a custodial discourse and which seeks to address issue s of social justice and discrimination. The legislation also embraces the conceptual shift form disability being seen as individualised medical problem to rather being about community membership and participation and access to regular societal activities such as employment, education and recreation. Where access is inappropriate, inadequate, difficult or ignored, advocacy processes have been initiated to address situations and promote the people rights. Under the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 an individual has the right to get the information about health services in a format that is accessible to them where it is reasonable for the service provider to provide in the format, a hospital will have to provide forms and any literature in braille or large print to assist any blind person or anyone who have a visual impairment. Most of The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 has been replaced by the Equality act, this was changed on the 1st of October 2010 and is aimed to protect disabled people and prevent disability discrimination. Disabled people are protected in areas of employment, education, access to goods, service and facilities including larger private clubs and land based transport services buying and renting land. The Data Protection Act 1998 is the key legislation that governs the protection of data , when records for service users are kept for the purpose of sharing information to provide a well informed care service the details are kept in the individual service user file , they will have access to it but the information will not be shared with others The Valuing People 2001 was designed to improve support for people with learning disabilities and their families; to make sure people with disabilities are in control of their lives and that they have the job they want. The Mental Capacity Act aims to protect people with learning disabilities and metal health conditions. It provides clear guidelines for carers and professional about who can take decisions in which situations. The Health and Social Care Act 2008 established the Care Quality Commission as the regulator of all health and adult social care services. It is a single Act of Parliament that contains the commission’s powers and duties, and represents the modernisation and integration of health and social care. It contains some new powers of enforcement that were not held by any of the predecessor organisations. LO2. 1 A Care plan is a document that articulates a plan of care for and individual with specific need or disability. It helps individuals achieve valued fulfilling lifestyles, because it is build around the needs of the person rather than expecting them to fit into existing provision (Ritchel et al, 2003). The care plan is for Mr RN , who has autism and has learning disabilities. He is Jewish and is non verbal and he understands little English and uses makaton, sign language and pictures as a mode of communication. To analyse his care needs I will use the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. See figure 1 for Maslow hierarchy of needs Figure 1 : Maslow hierarchy of needs Mr. RN had stroke and is unable to walk properly. He uses a walking stick to move around in the house and a wheel chair when out in the community. He does not hear properly and uses hearings aids. At the care home staff always checks if it is working properly, by changing the butteries and cleaning it for him. He also uses glasses to improve his vision. Mr RN’s care plan is person-centred to meet all his care needs at the same time he makes his own choices. His holistic needs are met according to his choice through assessment. He is from a Jewish background and sticks to his religious beliefs and culture seriously. RN is always supported to the synagogue every Friday to attend to his spiritual wellbeing. I respect his beliefs to avoid abuse, discrimination, oppression or prejudice. He is also provided with kosher meals. The organisation I work for has a Jewish calendar that recognises all the facts and festivals to highlight his religious rights. I relate this to Abraham Maslow’s (1908-1980) hierarchy of needs, ‘a theory of human Motivation’. It has five levels to it with the most basic needs at the bottom of the pyramid. I prepare meals for RN according to his cultural and religious needs. I ask him what he would like to eat from the variety of his kosher meal. I make sure RN’s safety and security or protection from harm and abuse according to Health and Safety Act 1974. I have to ensure that the environment around the care home is safe and welcoming for family members visiting. Socially, I support RN to visit family and friends. This gives him sense of belonging, love, friendship and trust. During the key working I encourage RN by reassuring him everything is fine. This builds his confidence thus leading to self actualisation growth. When these needs are successfully met chances are the service users feels more valued and respected, it also promotes independence. LO2. 2 At my workplace we have a set of policies and procedures that we use when we work with clients with specific needs. Looking at Mr RN’s care plan I follow the Data Protection Act 1998 in maintaining his confidentiality and that only necessary people access his care plan. He has little awareness when it comes to safety and I follow the Health and Safety at Work 1974 to meet his safety needs, Mr RN cannot walk for long distance, he uses a wheelchair when out in the community and the wheel chair is checked every day before use to see if it’s not damaged. We have the dial a ride that comes to pick him up and take him to the day centre and he has the blue badge scheme that allows him to have free parking he goes to shopping malls. We use the visual communication systems such as Picture Exchange Communication to help him plan for activities; he is able to choose what he wants to eat with no problems. By doing this we are promoting independence as he is able to do things on his own. LO2. 3 The organisation I work for is located in the Redbridge Borough. The borough offers the Community Toilet Scheme which provides clean, safe and accessible public toilets in more convenient locations for residents. Disabled people can use the toilet free of charge during normal working hours. There is a Redbridge Institute of Adult Education that provides a range of courses for people with specific needs and offers pottery lesson, arts and crafts, music and dance lesson for people with learning disabilities . he college provides a range of specialised equipment or learning resources to meet specific needs for people with disability, this includes hearing loops and large print keyboards. Day care services provide  support  for  people living in the community, social inclusion and respite care  for carers. It offers  practical and emotional support by providing  a range of activities and facilities to  help  stay as independent as possible and improve and maintain  quality of life. Dial a ride provides offers door-to-door service for disabled people who cant use buses, trains or the London underground. It can be used for all sorts of journeys, making it easier to go shopping, visit friends and attend doctors appointments. Furthermore, there is London Taxi card, which provides subsidised door-to-door transport in taxis and private-hire vehicles for people who have serious mobility or visual impairment doo The Borough provides ambulances in case of emergencies. There is also Occupational Therapy Service which works with rehabilitation care workers to ensure carers practice safe manual handling. They carry our risk assessments and provide carers with specialised training to use a range of equipment. STAAR (supporting those with autism and Aspergers Redbridge) offers swimming for people with special needs. They organise activities to raise awareness and highlight the needs of children and adults with specific needs. LO3. 1 Autism has no cure and therefore there are a number of approaches and interventions available to help people with various difficulties they may have. Approaches vary in costs and availability in different areas. It also depends what suits an individual, the family, the multi –disciplinary team will decide what best intervention or approach is suitable for an individual. There are ten approaches /interventions for people to choose from, these are: the behavioural intervention, complementary therapies, diet and supplements, medical interventions, physiological intervention, relationship based intervention, service based intervention, and skills based intervention, standard therapies and technology. I will explain the two service based interventions and one standard therapy intervention because we use these at my workplace. TEACCH is a service based intervention/programme and stands for Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communications Handicapped Children/Adults. TEACCH is not a technique or a method. It is a complete programme based on the principle that the person with autism is the priority. It provides services for children and adults with autism and related developmental disorders. TEACCH works with people from all parts of the autistic spectrum and offers continuing support with the primary aim of enabling them to live as members of the community. TEACCH programme helps alleviate some possible frustrations associated with challenging behaviour for people who are non verbal or verbal and also assist in communication (Clements and Zarkowska 2000, Cumine at al 2000, Jordan and Jones 1999, Jordan and Powell 1998, Powell and Jordan 1997) SPELL approach is also a service based intervention and stands for : Structure: people with autism find change very frightening and they struggle to cope in new or unfamiliar situations. This safe, predictable and reassuring environments and activities give people with autism the opportunity to increase their independence, develop their communication skills and reduce their anxiety. Positive expectations and approaches: barriers of each person are identified and in this approach people work tom overcome these and achieve their goal and potential Empathy: people see and understand the world in the same way that a person with autism experiences it. They focus on individual interests and preferences, understanding what motivate distresses or preoccupies each person . sing these insights to help people deliver the best possible care and support. Low arousal: in this approach people respond to people’s sensory needs by providing surroundings and activities that are calm, focused and free from clutter and distraction. This approach helps to increase independence in all aspects of life Links: this is linking the family and the wider community and other support services and reducing the difficulties faced by people with autism, it is aimed to help them move together towards a world where they have the same opportunities Lastly the speech and language therapy is a standard intervention. It is aimed to understand the nature and extent of child/adults difficulties and facilitate better communication where possible. Through the speech and language therapy the service users I work with are able to have a say in the things they like to do. LO3. 2 The TEACCH approach has been very effective to the service users I work with. It has enhanced their lives and we have seen an increased improvement in self help skills, social skills and there is reduction in appropriate behaviour. Through skill enhancement one of the TEACCH seven key principles, CA one of the service users can make tea on his own and all staff encourage him to keep on doing that on a daily basis, the risk assessment also highlighted the risk associated with him making the tea and the benefit of him making the tea, the benefit are increased independency. Also a research conducted by Ulster University has shown that communication, concentration and independence has improved by 80% for people with autism. TEACCH has helped our service users to introduce routine and stability in cases where they are hyper sensitive and confused (Cumine et al 2000). The SPELL approach is also effective. , we have a sensory room (it is a quite simple room, for a person with special needs, it is a pleasant environment where the distractions of the outside world are completely absent, present them with, music and attention grabbing moving colours and shapes and then add the ability for the person to actually make things happen that are so dramatic that they cannot be missed and you have the building blocks of real progress. This is a low arousal technique and it really works as the service users have gained a lot of independence. The Speech and Language Therapy is the key part of the autism treatment. This therapy has been effective to the service users I work with because the speech therapist has assisted us in working with the service users through the speech therapy technique. We use makaton, signs, and pictures boards with words to communicate with the service users. This approach is effective because now we are able to communicate with them both verbally and non verbal. Service users are able to make choices and preferences about their day to day lives. JW is able to ask who is sleeping over by showing us this sign (it means sleep). Without the intervention of the speech therapist JW was only saying few words and never learned any news words, this was also said by (Koegel and Koegel 1998) However, some of the approaches cost a lot of money and there has been many service dilemmas and polices. It a service user’s right that they get support to meet their communication needs and we had to wait a long time before a speech language therapist was assigned to our home. Our priority is to make sure service users get the right support they need at all times. In addition, it is costly for Social Services because they have to pay professionals who support families with autistic members. To support residential and day care cost extremely high, for adults who require ongoing support. There is cost of education for individuals with autism who require more level of support. More hours and attention is need for carers who have to go through national training strategy for Autism, to meet the needs of service users. LO3. 3 There are a lot of developments emerging in today’s world to support people with specific needs. As I work with people with autism, there is an Autism Awareness Card and this card is used to educate the general public in challenging moments while in the community. One side of the card contains information specific to the individual and strategies that are helpful to use. The other side of the card is the general information about autism, the card are developed using the person centred approach so that specific information about the individual is used. There are approaches available to help treat autism and organisations that offer advice to parents and organisations. There are services offered to organisations and people working with, or supporting someone who has an autistic spectrum disorder there organisation provide autism specific expertise to advise/help with future service planning and people on mailing list so that they are kept informed of developments or training in the area, they help key people access to resources for people with autism . There are training available for staff to enable them to work with people with specific needs. LO4. 1 Emerson (1995) defines challenging behaviour as â€Å"culturally abnormal behaviour(s) of such intensity , frequency or duration that the physical safety of that person or others is likely to be placed in serious jeopardy , or behaviour which is likely to seriously limit use of, or result in the person being denied access to , ordinary community facilities. Challenging behaviour is a social label and a person is not a challenge, the behaviour may challenge us in terms of our understanding and response Challenging behaviour can ‘result in the person being denied to access, to ordinary community facilities’ (Emerson, 1995). At my workplace service user TB has been banned from five pubs because he was spitting on other customers and urinating on the floor. Customers complained about his behaviour and pub managers had to ban him. Research has shown that males are more likely to display challenging behaviour than females and their behaviours tend to be more aggressive. Challenging behaviour tends to reach a peak between the ages of 15 and 34 years of age and is particularly over represented in the 14-24 year old age group. The service users I work with have autism and present a lot of challenging behaviour. They present a lot of challenging behaviour as an act of communication, environmental factors sometimes causes challenging behaviour for example JW exhibits challenging behaviour when we go to crowded noisy places. Also JW cry when he listens to certain music this is contributed by historical / emotional factors. Some service users self harm by lip and hand biting. Furthermore, challenging behaviour is caused by mental health factors for example a service user with dual diagnosis (Down syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder); they develop repetitive behaviour and don’t like to be touched and loud noises. 4. 2. When dealing with challenging behaviour health care organisations need intervention plans, policies and procedures to follow as this is best practice. At my workplace we follow the BILD (British Institute of Learning Disabilities) policy framework for physical interventions which sets out three broad categories of physical intervention and the DoH Dfes guidance on restrictive physical intervention. My manager makes sure staff get proper induction when they start their employment and clear guidelines are written in the employees handbook, all staff attend training to deal with challenging behaviour and this include training challenging behaviour, managing violence and aggression, self harm and Caring for People on the Autistic Spectrum. Also the manager makes sure that policies and procedures are written and all times followed under the BILD policy framework. As professionals in the health care sector we have a duty of care towards the vulnerable people we look after, we need to avoid action that will or may harm others and we should always work in the best interest of the service user. At my workplace we follow the General Social Care Council, Codes of Practice for Social Care Workers (Code 4) which states that as a social worker you must respect the rights of service users while seeking to ensure that their behaviour does not harm themselves or other people. This includes: * Recognising that service users have the right to take risks and helping them to identify and manage potential and actual risks to themselves and others * Following risks assessments , policies and procedures to access whether the behaviour of service users presents a risk of harm to themselves or others * Taking necessary steps to minimise the risks of service user from doing actual or potential harm to themselves or others and * Ensuring that relevant colleagues and agencies are informed about the outcomes and implications of risk assessment. My organisation’s policy is to make sure all staffs are trained in managing challenging behaviours without causing any harm to individuals. This is done in accordance with the Mental Capacity Act 2005, which states that: someone is using restraint if they: use force – or threaten to use force – to make someone do something they are resisting, or restrict a person’s freedom of movement, whether they are resisting or not’. At my care home we use safe practices like the team teach training. LO4. 3 â€Å"Each person is different and each behaviour needs to be considered in its own right. In addition the reasons behind one’s behaviour may not be the same as the reasons behind another behaviour which the person shows. A person may shout because this makes others do as he asks. He may hit because this makes others leave him alone. There is therefore a need to build a detailed understanding of why a particular person is engaging in a particular behaviour and why he is likely to engage in that behaviour more under some circumstances than under others. † (Clement and Zarkowska 2000) p. 38 The NICE (2006) states that non-phamalogical interventions should be used first before medication in cases of challenging behaviours. Some of the challenging behaviours are caused when service users are expressing their unmet needs . At my workplace all staff have been trained in communication as effective communication plays important role managing behaviours. We use body language, signs and pictures to communicate with service users who are non verbal. At my workplace we use different strategies to deal with challenging behaviour for service users. We try to use positive, preventative, calming, defusing and problems solving skills instead of holding, restraining and breakaway when dealing with challenging behaviour and in most cases it works well. For example service user JW likes to know who is sleeping over at the end of the shift, when he is presenting challenging behaviour staff calm him down by saying ‘JW do you want me to do sleep over tonight,’ he answers yes and staff will tell him that what he is doing in not nice and because of that no one is sleeping over ,we encourage him to do something like emptying the dishwasher , and remind him that someone will sleep over if he continues to be good, JW calms downs apologises to staff and the other service user for his behaviour . He continues to sign sleep in makaton to show that he is happy. Also we always try to remind JW of his behaviour at calm moments of the day (Attwood 1998, Clements and Zarkowska 2000, Gray 1995). Also we have a change in setting strategy to manage DC’s challenging behaviour. DC has Autistic Spectrum Disorder and finds any change difficult to tolerate. We support DC to the day centre every Monday we do group activities and DC is disruptive at all times. An assessment was done and it showed that DC did not like crowds and noisy environment. He is encouraged to work in a small quiet room with few other people and once she is settled we give her a small task which means she only visits the larger room for a short time and return. After sometime we reintroduced her to the larger group but we seated her at a table near the door with only two people near her. To manage her behaviour she is asked to deliver things to different rooms. This strategy has worked well and it means DC does not have to spend the whole day in the larger room and the gradual reintroduction resulted in significant reduction of disruptive behaviour.

Essay --

Growing up in an affluent New Jersey neighborhood, Peter Balakian’s house can tell us a lot about his up bringing. Tenafly, New Jersey seems to be a common topic in Balakian’s memoir ‘Black Dog of Fate.’ Not only must we study the house, but also the relationships that are formed within Balakian’s household. His extended family is made up of physicians, merchants, and well-known literary authors. Arguably the biggest presence in Peter’s life was his Grandmother, along with his Mother and Father. One of Peter’s most vivid memories is of his Grandmother. He starts off his memoir with a lengthy description of her and her apartment, as if she were still alive when he wrote it. He describes her apartment as â€Å"mysterious and exotic after the suburban houses of Teaneck† (6). He seems to view her apartment as old fashioned (â€Å"it was a 1940s kitchen with long white cabinets, a white enamel sink, red-speckled linoleum cracking at the seams, and a coiled buzzing fluorescent light on the ceiling† (7)) and different then the houses he is used to in suburbia. Her apartment seems to be laced with Armenian culture compared to his Americanized home back in Teaneck. A tradition or at least custom that seems important to Peter and his life at home is his love for and following of the Yankees. The Yankees were a type of family bonding for Peter, and he even followed them with his Grandmother. â€Å"My grandmother and I followed the Yankees together, and by the time I was ten it had become an ongoing conversation between us. Box scores, averages, pitching rotations, prenogis for the World Series – because there was almost never a series without the Yankees† (12). The Yankees were a symbol of American pride for Peter, â€Å"they were more than a team... ...e. †¦ On either side of our new development were grand nineteenth-century houses and manors set back behind high hedges. †¦ Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century stone Dutch houses still spotted the town and some quite fabulous nineteenth-century estates surrounded our new street† (50). This description of Balkians’s house, as he remembers it, might tell him that his family is becoming more accustomed to the American culture, yet still keeping with their Armenian roots. The move from Teaneck to Tenafly just shows that his family is living the American Dream by finding a city that fits them best and a house that is custom built to their liking. All of a sudden Peter is living in a community where families are larger and dinner is just a race to get done with. It seems as though the move to Tenafly is an immersion into the American lifestyle, even more than Teaneck.

Britannia Biscuit Research Paper Essay

Britannia -the ‘biscuit’ leader with a history-has withstood the tests of time. Part of the reason for its success has been its ability to resonate with the changes in consumer needs-needs that have varied significantly across its 100+ year epoch. With consumer democracy reaching new levels, the one common thread to emerge in recent times has been the shift in lifestyles and a corresponding awareness of health. People are increasingly becoming conscious of dietary care and its correlation to wellness and matching the new pace to their lives with improved nutritional and dietary habits. This new awareness has seen consumers seeking foods that complement their lifestyles while offering convenience, variety and economy, over and above health and nutrition. Britannia saw the writing on the wall. Its â€Å"Swasth Khao Tan Man Jagao† (Eat Healthy, Think Better) re-position directly addressed this new trend by promising the new generation a healthy and nutritious alternative – that was also delightful and tasty. Thus, the new logo was born, encapsulating the core essence of Britannia – healthy, nutritious, and optimistic and combining it with a delightful product range to offer variety and choice to consumers. INTRODUCTION TO THE INDUSTRY BISCUIT INDUSTRY IN INDIA – AN OVERVIEW âž ¢ Biscuit industry in India in the organized sector produces around 60% of the total production, the balance 40% being contributed by the unorganized bakeries. The industry consists of two large scale manufacturers, around 50 medium scale brands and small scale units ranging up to 2500 units in the country, as at 2000-01. The unorganized sector is estimated to have approximately 30,000 small & tiny bakeries across the country. âž ¢ The annual turnover of the organized sector of the biscuit manufacturers (as at 2001-02) is Rs. 4,350 crores. âž ¢ In terms of volume biscuit production by the organized segment in 2001-02 is estimated at 1.30 million tonnes. The major Brands of biscuits are – Britannia, Parle Bakeman, Priya Gold,Elite,Cremica, Dukes, Anupam, Horlicks, Craze, Nezone, besides various regional/State brands. âž ¢ Biscuit industry which was till then reserved in the SSI Sector, was unreserved in 1997-98, in accordance with the Govt. Policy, based on the recommendations of the Abid Hussain Committee. âž ¢ The annual production of biscuit in the organized sector, continues to be predominantly in the small and medium sale sector before and after de-reservation. The annual production was around 7.4 Lakh tonnes in 1997-98 in the next five years, biscuit production witnessed an annual growth of 10% to 12%, up to 1999-00. âž ¢ The annual Growth showed a decline of 3.5% in 2000-01, mainly due to 100% hike in Central Excise Duty (from 9% to 16%). Production in the year 2001-02 increased very marginally by 2.75% where in 2002-03 the growth is around 3%. âž ¢ The Union Budget for 2003-04 granted 50% reduction in the rate of Excise Duty on Biscuit i.e. from 16% to 8%. The Federation’s estimate for the current year indicates a growth of approximately 8% to 9%. âž ¢ However the average utilization of installed capacity by biscuit manufacturers in the country has been a dismal 60% over the last decade up to 2001-02. âž ¢ Though dereservation resulted in a few MNCs, i.e. Sara Lee, Kellogs SmithKline Beecham, Heinz etc entering the biscuit industry in India, most of them, with the exception of SmithKline Beecham (Horlicks Biscuits), have ceased production in the country. âž ¢ On the other hand, import of biscuits, especially in the high price segment has started from 1998-99, but however, the quantum of imports has not so far increased alarmingly and has remained at around 3.75% of the consumption of biscuits in the country in the year 2001-02. However, recent imports from china industries cheaper verities of biscuit, needs to be examined with cautions, especially in the context of the price as the low margin based domestic industry, which is operating at 60 % of the total installed capital. Exports of biscuits from India have been to the extent of 5.5% of the total production. Exports are expected to grow only in the year 2003-04 and beyond. âž ¢ Biscuit is a hygienically packaged nutritious snack food available at very competitive prices, volumes and different tastes. According to the NCAER Study, biscuit is predominantly consumed by people from the lower strata of society, particularly children in both rural and urban areas with an average monthly income of Rs. 750.00. âž ¢ Biscuit can he broadly categorized into the following segments: (Based on productions of 2000-01) Glucose 44% Marie 13% Cream 10% Crackers 13% Milk 12% Others 8%. âž ¢ . FBMI ( Federation of Biscuit Manufacturer’s of India ) is an association of all the biscuit manufacturers of India. Major players include Britannia, Parle, ITC, Priyagold, Windsor etc. âž ¢ In recognition of industry’s obligations towards the community, being a part of it, biscuit manufacturers supply biscuits to the social welfare agencies in all States for the benefit of school children, senior citizens and other needy sections of the society. FBMI ( Federation of Biscuit Manufacturer’s of India ) Members have always responded positively to our appeal as also by the Government, to rush truck loads of biscuits to the people affected by earthquakes, floods, famine etc. These members have also participated in supplying biscuits to the people of war ravaged Afghanistan and presently to the Iraqi people, under the aegis of the UN. âž ¢ As regards the consumption pattern is concerned. surveys and estimates by industry from time to time indicate the avera ge consumption scenario in the four Zones have been more or less close to each other, as below: 1. Northern States: 28% 2. Southern States: 24% 3. Western States: 25% 4. Eastern States: 23% [pic] âž ¢ Though India is considered as the third largest producer of Biscuits after USA and China, the per capita consumption of biscuits in our country is only 2.1 Kg., compared to more than 10 kg in the USA, UK and West European countries and above 4.25 kg in south cast Asian countries, Le. Singapore, Hong Kong, Thailand, Indonesia etc. China has a per capita consumption of 1.90 kg, while in the case of Japan it is estimated at 7.5 kg. âž ¢ In view of the meager per capita consumption even as penetration of biscuits manufactured by the organised sector, into rural areas in India, has been very good during the last 10 years, as also in the metro and other cities, small towns etc. However, in spite of this, the industry has not been able to utilize about half of their installed capacities. âž ¢ Biscuit is a comparatively low margin food product in the PMCG (Packaged Mass Consumption Goods) sector. The commodity is also price sensitive, as a consequence of which, even when the Excise Duty was doubled on biscuits in 2000-01 biscuit manufacturers, including the major brands, were not able hike MRPs to the extend of the steep increase in the Duty. Taxation, both Central Excise Duty as also State Sales Tax, other miscellaneous levies i.e. turnover tax, local area tax, mandi taxes, purchase tax, Octroi etc., has been a major deterrent in the growth of the biscuit industry. The CII Study Report has identified Biscuit as one of the products that should treated as â€Å"Merit Good for the purpose of liberal tax policy both by the Centre and States. âž ¢ Besides lack of technology upgradation in manufacturing, packaging etc has also been a factor affecting our industry, along with inadequate financial credit and support particularly for the medium and small scale biscuit un its. âž ¢ On the other hand, the Government of India has identified food processing industries as a priority area to be encouraged for growth and development and created the Ministry of Food Processing Industries (which was till then a Dept in the Ministry of Agriculture), headed by an Ministry of State with Independent charge. âž ¢ Biscuit manufacturing as well as other bakery products like Bread etc are agro based industries, with the major inputs – wheat flour/atta sugar, milk vanaspati/vegetable oil etc all being agriculture produces. âž ¢ Industries such as Biscuit are also languishing as they are not able to achieve their potentials for higher production, in the absence of the concrete food Processing Industry Policy. FBMI in close coordination with other organizations and apex Chambers, initiated to urge the Govt of India to formulate a comprehensive Policy Document, for smooth growth and harmonious development of the industry. The Food Processing Industry Policy, which has been evolved as a result of various workshops, deliberations and representations by a large cross section of food processing industries, is yet to be finalized. It is hoped that the Ministry of Food Processing Industries, GOI would initiate action for implementation of the Policy expeditiously. âž ¢ According to the production figures of members available upto the calendar year 2003, the total production was 625000 tonnes as against 475000 tonnes in the previous year. The production of biscuit for the last 11 years is as under: âž ¢ 1993 – 167750 1994 – 180526 1995 – 202567 1996 – 222371 1997 – 362000 1998 – 400000 1999 – 425000 2000 – 450000 2001 – 465000 2002 – 475000 2003 – 625000 Note: the production of members of FBMI consist of 50% (approx.) of the total production of biscuit in the organized sector. INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY HISTORY The story of one of India’s favourite brands reads almost like a fairy tale. Once upon a time, in 1892 to be precise, a biscuit company was started in a nondescript house in Calcutta (now Kolkata) with an initial investment of Rs. 295. The company we all know as Britannia today. The beginnings might have been humble-the dreams were anything but. By 1910, with the advent of electricity, Britannia mechanized its operations, and in 1921, it became the first company east of the Suez Canal to use imported gas ovens. Britannia’s business was flourishing. But, more importantly, Britannia was acquiring a reputation for quality and value. As a result, during the tragic World War II, the Government reposed its trust in Britannia by contracting it to supply large quantities of â€Å"service biscuits† to the armed forces. As time moved on, the biscuit market continued to grow†¦ and Britannia grew along with it. In 1975, the Britannia Biscuit Company took over the distribution of biscuits from Parry’s who till now distributed Britannia biscuits in India. In the subsequent public issue of 1978, Indian shareholding crossed 60%, firmly establishing the Indianness of the firm. The following year, Britannia Biscuit Company was re-christened Britannia Industries Limited (BIL). Four years later in 1983, it crossed the Rs. 100 crores revenue mark. On the operations front, the company was making equally dynamic strides. In 1992, it celebrated its Platinum Jubilee. In 1997, the company unveiled its new corporate identity – â€Å"Eat Healthy, Think Better† – and made its first foray into the dairy products market. In 1999, the â€Å"Britannia Khao, World Cup Jao† promotion further fortified the affinity consumers had with ‘Brand Britannia’. Britannia strode into the 21st Century as one of India’s biggest brands and the pre-eminent food brand of the country. It was equally recognised for its innovative approach to products and marketing: the Lagaan Match was voted India’s most successful promotional activity of the year 2001 while the delicious Britannia 50-50 Maska-Chaska became India’s most successful product launch. In 2002, Britannia’s New Business Division formed a joint venture with Fonterra, the world’s second largest Dairy Company, and Britannia New Zealand Foods Pvt. Ltd. was born. In recognition of its vision and accelerating graph, Forbes Global rated Britannia ‘One amongst the Top 200 Small Companies of the World’, and The Economic Times pegged Britannia India’s 2nd Most Trusted Brand. Today, more than a century after those tentative first steps, Britannia’s fairy tale is not only going strong but blazing new standards, and that miniscule initial Investment has grown by leaps and bounds to crores of rupees in wealth for Britannia’s shareholders. The company’s offerings are spread across the spectrum with products ranging from the healthy and economical Tiger biscuits to the more lifestyle-oriented Milkman Cheese. Having succeeded in garnering the trust of almost one-third of India’s one billion populations and a strong management at the helm means Britannia will continue to dream big on its path of innovation and quality. And millions of consumers will savour the results, happily ever after. HISTORY OF BISCUITS Sweet or salty. Soft or crunchy. Simple or exotic. Everybody loves munching on biscuits, but do they know how biscuits began? The history of biscuits can be traced back to a recipe created by the Roman chef Apicius, in which â€Å"a thick paste of fine wheat flour was boiled and spread out on a plate. When it had dried and hardened it was cut up and then fried until crisp, then served with honey and pepper.† The word ‘Biscuit’ is derived from the Latin words ‘Bis’ (meaning ‘twice’) and ‘Coctus’ (meaning cooked or baked). The word ‘Biscotti’ is also the generic term for cookies in Italian. Back then, biscuits were unleavened, hard and thin wafers which, because of their low water content, were ideal food to store. As people started to explore the globe, biscuits became the ideal traveling food since they stayed fresh for long periods. The seafaring age, thus, witnessed the boom of biscuits when these were sealed in airtight containers to last for months at a time. Hard track biscuits (earliest version of the biscotti and present-day crackers) were part of the staple diet of English and American sailors for many centuries. In fact, the countries which led this seafaring charge, such as those in Western Europe, are the ones where biscuits are most popular even today. Biscotti is said to have been a favorite of Christopher Columbus who discovered America! Making good biscuits is quite an art, and history bears testimony to that. During the 17th and 18th Centuries in Europe, baking was a carefully controlled profession, managed through a series of ‘guilds’ or professional associations. To become a baker, one had to complete years of apprenticeship – working through the ranks of apprentice, journeyman, and finally master baker. Not only this, the amount and quality of biscuits baked were also carefully monitored. The English, Scotch and Dutch immigrants originally brought the first cookies to the United States and they were called teacakes. They were often flavoured with nothing more than the finest butter, sometimes with the addition of a few drops of rose water. Cookies in America were also called by such names as â€Å"jumbles†, â€Å"plunkets† and â€Å"cry babies†. As technology improved during the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, the price of sugar and flour dropped. Chemical leavening agents, such as baking soda, became available and a profusion of cookie recipes occurred. This led to the development of manufactured cookies. Interestingly, as time has passed and despite more varieties becoming available, the essential ingredients of biscuits haven’t changed – like ‘soft’ wheat flour (which contains less protein than the flour used to bake bread) sugar, and fats, such as butter and oil. Today, though they are known by different names the world over, people agree on one thing – nothing beats the biscuit! Some interesting facts on the origin of other forms of biscuits: The recipe for oval shaped cookies (that are also known as boudoir biscuits, sponge biscuits, sponge fingers, Naples biscuits and Savoy biscuits) has changed little in 900 years and dates back to the house of Savoy in the 11th century France. Peter the Great of Russia seems to have enjoyed an oval-shaped cookie called â€Å"lady fingers† when visiting Louis XV of France. The macaroon – a small round cookie with crisp crust and a soft interior – seems to have originated in an Italian monastery in 1792 during the French Revolution. SPRING-uhr-lee, have been traditional Christmas cookies in Austria and Bavaria for centuries. They are made from a simple egg, flour and sugar dough and are usually rectangular in shape. These cookies are made with a leavening agent called ammonium carbonate and baking ammonia. The inspiration for fortune cookies dates back to the 12th & 13th Centuries, when Chinese soldiers slipped rice paper messages into moon cakes to help co-ordinate their defense against, Mongolian invaders. .